专利名称:一种模具冲压获得人体缺损骨骼钛合金修复体的方法
技术领域:
本发明涉及一种人体缺损骨骼钛合金修复体的制备方法,尤其是利用 模具冲压,以及计算机辅助设计获得缺损骨骼钛合金修复体的方法。
背景技术:
由于意外事故,疾病等原因导致骨骼严重破损和骨质坏死,因此必须 有一种物体代替骨骼来对人体进行保护和支撑。医学界,学术界和产业界 已经对缺损骨骼修复体的研究作了数十年的努力。钛合金因其良好的生物 相容性、较易塑形等优点成为临床新宠。而采用计算机三维建模的方法来 对修复体进行塑形也是研究中的热点。
目前存在的骨骼修复体制备方法有如下几种
模具加工在数控机床上加工出冲压模具,然后压制钛板或钛网成形。 这种方法较手工塑形能满足更好的形态需要,但目前这种方法一般用于大 规模标准件的生产,无法实现满足病人骨骼个性化制备,因此目前无法应 用于临床医学。
三维打印制作模型和使用通用曲面手工或电动制作钛板三维打印技 术属于快速成型技术,通过将熔融的ABS材料逐层浇筑从而生成头颅骨模 形。该方法的成熟系统有Materialise公司的Mimics软件。这是目前业 界内广泛使用的软件,该软件可以读入CT扫描的DIC0M数据,生成用于 三维打印的STL数据格式然后通过三维打印的方法将头颅骨打印出来。这 样实现了头颅骨模型。但由于熔融的ABS的流动性。在重力的作用下会产 生变形,这样导致了模型的精度受到限制。Mimics只能打印头颅骨,Mimics 不支持曲面设计,因此无法在软件中为每个病人设计钛板,钛板的塑型只 能参照这个打印出来的模型,利用通用工业曲面, 一般是直径40mm-80mm 的圆弧面,通过电动连续冲击或手工敲击的方法制作钛板,但通用曲面是 标准的工业常规标准曲面,如圆球面,不是根据每个病人的设计出来的空
间任意曲面,因此塑型后的钛板和头颅骨沿丝合缝无法实现。
多点成形多点成型机器主要使用于对船体等曲率较小的曲面进行成 型。该机器使用的数据格式是IGES,其步骤通常是先通过M頂ICS输出
STL数据,然后通过通用制图软件如surface软件读取该stl数据,然后输 出多点成型机器所需要的IGES文件。将该数据输入到多点成型机器如YAM3 然后将钛板压制成所需要的钛网。然而,多点成型机器主要使用于对船体 等曲率较小的曲面进行成型,为了达到一定的冲击力,冲头直径往往很大, 因此对大曲率及小曲面的成型是非常困难的。如骨纤维结构不良切除手术 病人在眉弓处的大曲率甚至超90度。使用多点成形机器的冲头成型是不 可思议的。不仅整个曲面的光滑度无法保证,眉弓处的大曲率是无法实现 的,同时精度也无法保证。
对于三维打印,通用曲面成型,和多点成形方法,均存在着大曲率和 精度无法实现的问题。若需曲面能精确实现,只能通过模具加工的方法。 但现有的模具加工方法来看,无法做到依据病人骨骼的特性,个性加工缺 损骨骼模具,因此无法应用于临床医学。本发明首次实现了钛板空间曲面 的设计和模具加工方法,做到了对钛板的精确的个性塑形。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是为骨缺损的病人,尤其是缺损骨骼结构 复杂的病人,提供符合其个性需要的、高精度的钛合金骨修复体。
为实现上述目的,本发明根据病人的骨骼的CT或MR的DIC0M格式数 据构建缺损骨骼修复体的曲面,根据该曲面设计钛板成型模具,再将模具 数据输入数控机床,由数控机床加工出依设计所需的冲压模具,由模具将 钛板冲压成型。并且将病人骨骼CT或MR的DICOM格式数据,进行三维重 建,并将重建后的骨骼图像输入数控机床,由数控机床加工出病人骨骼, 与病人的骨骼模型进行匹配校验,确保修复体与病人头骨严丝合缝。
本发明的具体步骤如下,发明过程方法流程可参见图1:1. 计算机读取病人骨骼的CT或MR的DICOM格式数据;
2. 将病人骨骼图像的DIC0M数据在冠状位,矢状位和轴位进行病人 的图像重建。生成病人骨骼的三个相位的断面图。在病人骨骼轴位图上并 参照冠状位和矢状位图,设计出病人覆盖骨骼缺损处的用于钛板成型的 bezier曲线。
首先,在缺损处获得n+l个控制点,由于人体基本呈对称,这n+l个 控制点可以根据边缘提取算法从缺损处的对称处获得。或手工设置。通过 这n+l个控制点,我们可以构建n次bezier帧曲线。曲线任意点的空间 坐标由下面公式获得
i=n
P(t)= 2PiB',n(t) te[O,l] i=0
其中Bi,n(t)为伯恩斯坦(Bernstein)基函数,他的多项式表达是 Bi,n(t)二d(1-t)n—i=n!/i! (n-i) ! X(l-t广
. 例如对于有四个控制点的三次bezier曲线的数学表达式为
i=3
P(t)= ZP3i,3(t) te[O, 1] i=0
=P0b0.3 (t) (t) +P2B2,3 (t) +P3B (t)
=(1—t) 3P0+3t (1—t) 2Pl+3t2 (l-t) P2+t3P3
=[t3 t2 t 1]
-<formula>formula see original document page 6</formula>这样对于n次bezier曲线的数学表达式为<formula>formula see original document page 7</formula>鉴于每一帧的曲线控制点数并不相同,在进行曲面构建时必须将这些
曲线的控制点数进行规整.将曲线进行升阶到相同的阶数.升阶公式如下 P;=i/(n+l) +(l-i/(n+l))Pi (i=0, 1, 2, ... n+1) Pi*为升阶后新的控制点。
3.在步骤2的帧曲线基础上构建曲面,采用的算法如下
对于具有m+1层CT数据和每层有n+1个控制点的帧曲线,通过一下
公式构建bezier曲面
设Pij (i=0, 1, . . . m, j=0, 1, . . . n)为来自于bezier帧曲线组的空间控
制点阵,则mxn次张量积形式的bezier曲线为
m n
P(U,V): ZD PijB"(U)Bj,"V)
i=o j=o
其中B"B"为伯恩斯坦(Bernstein)基函数。这样bezier曲面的矩阵 表示式为<formula>formula see original document page 7</formula> C阶乘计算会超过计算机的能力导致溢出错误。可采用de Castelijau 算法来计算空间点。
<formula>formula see original document page 8</formula>基于de Castelijau的算法,可以构建任意阶bezier曲面。因此对于 CT的重建层数和帧曲线的控制点数就不再有限制。通过边缘提取算法。我 们可以构建单帧的三维bezier曲线。通过将这数十条不同阶数的曲线升 阶到相同的阶数,然后构建控制曲线(Z轴);通过对空间曲线的校正。使 帧曲线Z轴上保持连续性。接着将这些校正后曲线控制点置于一超空间中。 在这个超空间中构建超空间控制曲面。通过调节超空间控制区面来完成对 最终曲面的调节。最后我们将其拆分成mXn个双5次曲面片以实现局部 的调节能力。同时也兼顾了proE的双16次曲面片矩阵的限制。这样就实 现了钛板曲面的生成。
算法如下
(1) 空间bezier曲面的阶数是mXn则会拆分成m' X n'个空间曲 面。
(2) 拆分成m' Xn'个3X3阶曲面片
(3) 为了保持空间曲面的一阶参数连续性,即连接点具有相同的一阶 导数。则需要在空间进行插值,将bezier曲面片由3X3阶扩展成5X5 阶。
4.将bezier曲面转换成非均匀有理B样条曲面(NURBS),算法如下
<formula>formula see original document page 9</formula>非均匀有理B样条曲面是四维非均匀多项式曲面在三维空间的投影.
其中
P(i, j)为三维空间的控制点。即bezier曲面的控制点坐标。 W(i, j)为权重。bi,ml(u) bj,m2(V)为B样条基函数,根据de Boor 由下面公式递规算出。
<formula>formula see original document page 9</formula>
这样,我们就完成了从bezier曲面向NURBS曲面的转换计算。
5. 将设计出的病人缺损骨骼钛合金修复体的空间曲面NURBS数据转 换成标准的IGES数据格式,然后由IGES数据生成能被数控机床直接识别 和加工的G代码数据格式。
6. 将G代码输入数据数控机床,加工出所需的冲压模具。
7. 该模具冲压钛合金板,获得病人缺损骨骼修复体。
8. 将输入计算机的病人骨骼CT或MR的DICOM格式数据,进行三维
重建,并将重建后的骨骼图像输入数控机床,由数控机床加工出病人骨骼。
9.将步骤7得到的钛合金修复体,和步骤8获得的病人骨骼模型,
进行匹配校验,确保修复体与病人头骨严丝合缝。
本发明的实施具有的有益效果有可根据病人骨骼的个性情况为病人 量身定制缺损骨骼的修复体,并可实现大曲率修复体曲面,骨骼修复体的 精确制作,修复体表面光滑,制作病人骨骼模型并对修复体进行匹配校验, 确保修复体可以沿丝合缝,确保手术成功等,首次实现了钛板空间曲面的 设计和模具加工方法,做到了对钛板的精确的个性塑形。
图l本发明方法的主流程图2由数控机床加工出的病人缺损骨骼的冲压模具;
图3由模具冲压出的钛合金网板,病人缺损骨骼修复体;
图4由数控机床加工出为ABS材质的病人骨骼模型;
图5钛合金修复体,和ABS病人骨骼模型,进行匹配校验,确保修复
体与病人头骨严丝合缝;
图6将钛合金修复体手术植入人体; 图7病人颅骨的眉弓处的钛合金修复体
具体实施例方式
为了更好地理解本发明的技术方案,以下通过附图和具体实施例作进 一步说明。
病人颅骨损伤,损伤情况为大面积损伤,创伤面积约120mmX120mm 依照本方法发明对其进行颅骨缺损修复,过程如下
1. 计算机读取病人骨骼的CT或MR的DICOM格式数据;
2. 将病人骨骼图像的DICOM数据在冠状位,矢状位和轴位进行病人的 图像重建。生成病人骨骼的三个相位断面图。在病人骨骼轴位图上并参照 冠状位和矢状位图,设计出病人覆盖骨骼缺损处的用于钛板成型的bezier
曲线。
首先,在第一帧缺损处获得11个控制点,由于人体基本呈对称,这 11个控制点可以根据边缘提取算法从缺损处的对称处获得。或手工设置。
通过这ll个控制点,我们可以构建10次bezier帧曲线。其向量为=
P0: (-42. 96876,-80. 56641, 57) Pl: (-46. 87501,-66. 11329, 57) P2: (-50. 17362,-52. 2678, 57) P3: (-52. 63673, -38. 57423, 57) P4: (-53. 71095, -25. 06511, 57) P5: (-53. 60244, -11. 82727, 57) P6: (-52. 86459, 1. 17186, 57) P7: (-51. 75782, 14. 06248, 57) P8: (-50. 03256, 26. 98566, 57) P9: (-47. 16798, 40. 1367, 57) P10: (-42. 48048, 54. 1992, 57)
曲线任意点的空间坐标由下面公式获得 i=10
P(t)= 2P,B,'"t)te[O, 1] i=0
其中B^(t)为伯恩斯坦(Bernstein)基函数,他的多项式表达是 Bi,u)(tXti(1-t广i二10!/i!(10-i)! X ti(l-t广i te[O, 1]. 这样对于10次bezier曲线的数学表达式为
P(t):[t10 ft8.
t 1]
m0,0 ml,O
m0,1 ml,l
m0,10 ml,lO
m(lO,O) m(lO,l)
m(lO,lO)
P0 Pl
P10
鉴于每一帧的曲线控制点数并不相同,最大得一帧控制点数为16点, 在进行曲面构建时必须将这些曲线的控制点数进行规整.将曲线进行升阶
到相同的阶数.升阶公式如下
Pi*=i/n+l Pw +(l-i/n+l)Pi (i=0, 1,2,…n+l)
为升阶后新的控制点。向量为 P0: (-42. 96876, -80. 56641' 57)PI: (-45. 57292, -70, 93i, 57) P2: (-47. 91668, -61. 556, 57) P3: (-49. 93991,-52, 32122, 57〉 P4: (-51. 53246, -43. 1816, 57) P5: (-52.62512,-34. 13076' 57) P6: (-53. 21788, -25. 17552, 57) P7: (-53, 36903, -16. 32014, 57) P8: (-53. 16439' —7. 558547, 57) P9: (-52. 6818, 1. 12747' 57) P10: (-51.96156, 9. 766747,57) Pll: (-50.98909, 18. 39692, 57) P12: (—49. 69201, 27. 06579, 57)P13: (—47. 94923, 35. 83982, 57)P14: (—45. 60548, 44, 8242' 57) P15: (-42. 4謝8, 54. 1992, 57)
3.在步骤2的帧曲线基础上构建曲面,采用的算法如下
对于具有40层CT数据和每层有16个控制点的帧曲线,通过一下公 式构建bezier曲面
设Pij (i二0, 1,. .. 39, j=0, 1, ... 15)为来自于bezier帧曲线组的空间控制 点阵,则mxn次张量积形式的bezier曲线为
<formula>formula see original document page 12</formula>其中B"Bj)为伯恩斯坦(Bernstein)基函数。这样bezier曲面的矩阵 表示式为
<formula>formula see original document page 12</formula>
公式中40X16向量矩阵的具体数值如下
PO' 0: (—58. 10548, —27. 34376, 0) PO, 1: (-54. 98048, —23. 73048' 0) PO, 2: (—52. 23215, -20. 2009, 0)
PO, 3: (-49. 83582, -16. 74538, 0) PO, 4: (-47. 76679, -13. 35424, 0) PO, 5: (-46. 0004, -10. 01783, 0)
P0, 6: (-44. 51194, -6. 726491, 0) PO, 7: (-43. 27675, -3. 47056S, 0) PO, 8: (-42. 27014, -0. 2403998, 0)
PO, 9: (-41. 46743, 2.973671, 0〉 PO, 10: (—40.84393, 6. 181303, 0) PO, 11: (-40. 37497,9. 392154, 0)
PO, 12: (-40. 03585, 12. 61588, 0) PO, 13: (-39. 80191, 15. 86215, 0) PO, 14: (—39. 64845, 19. 14061, 0) PO, 15: (-39. 55079, 22. 46092, 0)
PI, 0: (-59. 23453, -27. 07316, 2. 998534) PI, 1: (-57. 12706, -23. 6131, 2. 998534) Pl, 2: (-54. 82691, -20. 21948, 2. 998534) PI, 3: (-52. 78817, -16. 91632, 2. 998534) Pl' 4: (-50. 9278, -13. 63647, 2. 998534) Pl, 5: (-48. 57831, -10. 42754, 2. 998534)
PI, 6: (-47. 14423, -7. 139312, 2. 998534) PI, 8: (-44. 76299, -0. 5921817, 2. 998534) PI, 10: (-42. 96138, 5. 958618, 2. 998534) PI, 13: (—41. 10242, 15. 89502, 2. 998534) Pl, 15 : (-40. 49004, 22. 68895, 2. 998534)
P2, 0: (-60, 08073, -26. 7965, 5. 997068) P2, 3: (-53. 8315, -17. 10254, 5. 997068) P2, 6: (-48. 45949, -7. 537376, 5. 997068) P2, 8: (-46. 19094, -0. 8740408, 5. 997068) P2, 10: (-44. 21767, 5, 804122, 5. 997068: P2, 12: (-42. 52315, 12. 54697, 5. 997068: P2, 14: (—41. 50097, 19. 14199, 5. 997068:
Pl, 7: (-45. 8755, -3, 863U62, 2, 998534) Pl, 9: (-43. 79583, 2. 679679, 2. 998534) Pl, 11: (-42. 24532, 9. 250476, 2. 998534) Pl, 14: (-40. 90229, 19. 21509, 2. 998534)
P2, 1: (-57. 94263, -23. 52563, 5. 997068) P2, 4: (-52. 23714, -13. 85194, 5. 997068) P2, 7: (-47. 28807' -4. 20452, 5. 997068) P2, 9: (-45. 16796, 2. 460112, 5. 997068) P2, 11: (—43. 33739,9. 164279, 5. 997068) P2, 13: (-41. 76987' 15. 95864' 5. 997068) P2' 15: (-4L 01343, 22. 70457, 5. 997068)
P3, 0: (-57. 16758, -27, 66512, 8. 995607) P3, 2: (-53. 53607, -21. 32266, 8. 995607) P3' 4: (-51. 65164' -14. 56025, 8. 995607) P3, 7: (-47. 83274, -4, 66969, 8. 995607) P3, 10: (-44, 87123, 5. 705958, 8. 995607) P3'12:(-42. 85948, 12. 66475, 8. 995607) P3, 14: (-41. 29562, 19. 08468, 8. 995607)
P4, 0: (-49. 55472, _30. 25784, 11, 99415) P4, 2: (—49. 15433, —23. 34677, U. 99415) P4, 4: (—49. 54003, -15. 95996' 11. 99415) P4, 6: (-48. 33511, -9. 007舰'U, 99415) P4, 8: (-47. 06884, -1. 566458, 11. 99415) P4, 11: (—44. 06217,9, 440418, 11.99415) P4, 14: (-40. 6158, 19. 46068' LI. 99415)
P5, 0: (-38. 56912, -34. 46448' 14. 99269) P5, 2: (-43. 36798, -26. 31805, 14. 99269) P5, 4: (-46. 57965, -17. 95938, 14. 99269) P5,6:(-47, 54597, -10, 04902, 14. 99269) P5, 8: (-47. 02646, -1. 856464, 14. 99269) P5' 11: (-44. 16742, 10. 1181, 14. 99269) P5, 14: (-39. 88246, 20, 65615, 14. 99269)
P6, 0: (-26. 6718, -39. 71035, 17. 99123) P6'3: (-40. 9036,-25. 06264' 17. 99123)
P6,6:(-46. 6919,--11. 15644'17.99123)
P6,8:(-46. 93904,-1.988311,17.99123)
P6,11:(-44, 32629,11, 28733'17.99123)
P6'13:(-41,34513,19. 9687t,17,99123)
P6,15:(-37. 48862, 26. 55636,17.99123)
P7, 0: (-16. 31S2, -45. 28915, 20. 98983)
P3, 1: (-55. 44933, -24. 42489, 8. 995607) P3' 3: (-52. 61649, -17. 92968, 8. 995607) P3, 5: (-49, 6159, -11. 64174' 8. 995607) P3, 8: (-46. 87081, -1. 207538, 8. 995607) P3, 11: (-43,86005,9. 174827, 8.995607) P3' 13: (-41. 88373, 16.18628, 8. 995607) P3, 15: (-40. 60003, 22. 61353, 8. 995607)
P4' 1: (-49, 45856, -26. 72903, 11, 99415) P4, 3: (-49, 48227, -19. 62877, 11. 99415) P4, 5: (-48. 65602, -12. 78603, U' 99415) P4, 7: (-47, 79619, -5. 270007, 11. 99415) P4,9: (-46. 18321,2. 112298' U. 99415) P4' 12: (-42. 89226,13. 11559' 11.99415) P4, 15: (-39. 54875, 22. 92493, 11.99415)
P5, 1: (-41. 19314, -30. 31629, 14. 99269) P5, 3: (-45. 25739, -22. 09954, 14. 99269) P5, 5: (-47. 23991, -14. 23809, 14. 99269) P5, 7:(-47.45809, -5. 924267, 14.99269〉 P5, 9: (-46. 30086, 2. 164597' 14. 99269) P5, 12:(-42. 86034,14. 07959, 14.99269) P5, 15: (-38. 38503, 24. 14936, 14. 99269)
Pl, 12: (-41. 6316, 12. 56084, 2. 998534)
P2, 2: (-55. 51614, -20. 36516, 5. 997068) P2, 5 : (-49. 70406, -10. 87851, 5. 997068)
P3, 6: (—48. 75211, -8. 145626, 8. 995607) P3, 9: (—45. 87926' 2, 248231, 8. 995607)
P4,10: (-45, L7028,5.777144,11.99415) P4, 13: (-41.69527, 16.8169, 11.99415)
P5, 10: (-45. 33111,6. 151412, 14. 99269) P5, 13: (-41. 46052, 18. 05074' 14. 99269)
P6, 1: (-32, 476,-34, 73179, 17.99123) P6, 2: (-37. 4128,-29.90638, 17. 99123) P6, 4: (-43. 51038, -20, 31943, 17. 99123) P6, 5: (-45. 76429' -15. 86431' 17. 99123) P6, 7: (-47. 05902' -6, 533231, 17. 99123)
P6, 9: (—46. 3996,2.488244, 17, 99123) P6, 10: (—45, 50713, 6. 90889' 17.99123) P6, 12: (-42. 91941, 15, 63692, 17. 99123) P6, 14: (-39. 37934, 22, 86017, 17. 99123)
P7, 1: (-25. 0027' -39. 44299' 20' 98983) P7, 2: (-32, 36094, -33, 74568, 20. 98983)P7, 3 : (-37. 22874' -28. 21512, 20. 98983) P7, 5: (-44. 53404, -17. 54032, 20. 98983) P7, 7: (-46. 77165, -7. 032163, 20. 98983) P7, 10: (-45. 7802, 8, 044999, 20. 98983) P7, 13 : (-41, 40548, 22. 5173S, 20. 98983) P7, 15: (-36, 97992, 30. 11221, 20. 98983)
P7, 4: (-40. 93446, -22. 79199, 20. 98983) P7, 6: (-45. 99949, -12. 23679, 20. 98983) P7, 8: (-46. 93846, -l. 922729, 20. 98983) P7, 11: (-44, 60665, 12. 92499, 20. 98983) P7, 14: (—39. 19397, 26. 02742, 20. 98983)
P7, 9: (-46. 58202, 3. 099457, 20. 98983) P7, 12: (—43. 12897' 17. 74818, 20. 98983)
P8,0:(-9,210724, -50. 63352'23.9S855)P8,1:(-19, 90357, -44. 03366, 23. 98855)
P8,2:(-28. 90002, -37.55719,23.98855)P8,3:(-34. 73806, -31. 33605, 23. 98855)
P8,4:(-39. 21888, -25. 20935,23.98855)P8,5:(-43. 73135, -19. 19073, 23. 98855)
P8,6:(一45. 60418,—13. 24882,23.98855)P8,7:(-46. 59246, -7. 412666, 23. 98855)
P8,8:(-47. 09237,-1.683143,23.98855)P8,9:(-46. 89166, 3. 944037, 23. 98855)
P8,11:(—45. 01151, 14. 91976,23.98855)P8'12:(-43. 47562, 20. 277, 23. 98855)
P8,14:(-39. 26333, 29. 92805,23.98855)P8,15:(-36. 77192' 34. 54244, 23. 98855)
P8, 10: (—46. 17257, 9. 476068, 23. 98855)
P9, 0: (—6, 01843,-55,44692, 26. 98751) P9, 1: (-17, 60654,-48. 29168, 26. 98751) P9,2: (—27. 28277,-41. 19997, 26. 98751) P9, 3: (-33. 61136, -34. 32587' 26. 98751) P9' 4: (-38. 4889, -27. 5128, 26. 98751) P9, 5: (-43. 42103, -20. 7974' 26. 98751) P9, 6: (-45. 55093, -14. 20473' 26. 98751) P9, 7: (-46. 85142, -7. 717638' 26. 98751) P9, 8: (-47. 41624, -1. 34333, 26. 98751)
P9,9: (-47. 32891,4.917377' 26. 98751) P9, 10: (—46. 66803, 11,06719, 26.98751) P9, 11: (-45. 507, 17, 10775, 26. 98751) P9, 12: (-43. 90816, 23. 03287, 26. 98751) P9, 13: (-41. 91107, 28. 81919, 26. 98751) P9, 14: (-39. 45475, 34. 23513, 26. 98751) P9' 15: (-36. 68242' 39. 44777, 26. 98751)
PIO, 0: (-6. 464679, -59. 69954, 29. 98682) P10, 2: (-27. 39255, -44. 65794, 29. 98682) P10, 4: (—38. 6777, -29. 73272' 29. 98682) P10, 6: (-45, 81992, -15. 15226, 29. 98682) PIO, 8: (-47. 89088, -1. 001611, 29. 98682) PIO, 10: (-47. 23273, 12. 66746, 29. 98682) PIO, 12: (-44. 36814' 25. 8159, 29. 98682) PIO, 14: (-39, 63633, 38. 61063, 29. 98682)
P10, 1: (-17. 91985, -52. 19849, 29. 98682) PIO, 3: (-33. 76077, -37. 1903, 29. 98682)
PIO, 5: (-43. 57729' -22. 3846, 29. 98682) PIO, 7: (—47. 23096, -8, 019613, 29. 98682) P10, 9:(-47. 86906, 5. 894842, 29. 98682) PIO, 11: (-46. 04739, 19, 31261, 29. 98682)
P10' 13: (-42. 22136' 32. 13852, 29. 98682) PIO, 15: (-36, 53464, 44. 41801' 29. 98682)
Pll, 0: (-9. 625435, -63. 5363, 32. 98653) Pll, 1: (-20, 23194, -55, 85734, 32. 98653)
Pll, 2: (-28. 86548, -47, 98945, 32. 98653) Pll, 3: (-34. 92418, -39. 9927, 32. 98653)
Pll, 4: (-39. 5978, -31. 94266, 32. 98653) Pll, 5: (-44. 11757, -23. 99327, 32, 9服53)
Pll, 6: (-46. 35178, -16. 14862, 32. 98653) Pll, 7: (—47. 7服2, -8. 394007, 32' 98653) Pll, 8: (-48. 47913, -0. 7528908' 32, 98653) Pll, 9: (-48. 4773, 6. 761279, 32, 98653)
Pll, 10: (-47. 83006, 14. 14128' 32. 98653) Pil, 11: (-46. 5915' 21. 37881' 32. 98653)
Pll, 12: (-44. 80872, 28. 45192' 32. 98653) Pll, 13: (-42. 49531, 35. 30627, 32. 98653)
PU, 14: (-39. 71822, 42. 76821' 32. 98653) Pll, 15: (-36. 21586, 49. 11301, 32. 98653)
P12, 0: (-14. 2917, -67. 15649' 35. 98665) P12, 1: (-23. 74077, —59. 40351' 35. 98665)
P12, 2: (-31, 222CJ5, -51. 25787, 35. 98665) P12, 3: (-36. 76045, -42. 80076, 35. 98665)
P12, 4: (-41. 00998, -34. 21073, 35. 98665) P12, 5: (-44, 93362, - 25. 65581, 35. 98665)
P12, 6: (-47. 07042, -17. 23684, 35. 98665) P12, 7: (-48. 46183, —8. 896521, 35. 98665) P12, 8: (-49. 13847, -0. 6668472, 35. 98665) P12, 9: (-49. 11S51' 7. 432305, 35. 98665)
P12, 10:(-48. 42887, 15. 38933, 35.98665) P12,11:(-47.11015, 23. 19228, 35. 98665)
P12, 12: (-45. 20197, 30. 81296' 35. 98665) P12, 13: (-42, 707, 38. 18215, 35. 98665)
P12' 14: (-39. 6651' 46. 50566, 35. 98665) P12, 15: (-35. 69327, 53. 3018' 35.98665)
P13 P13 P13 P13 P13 P13 P13 P13,
P14,0:(-23. 72887,-74.27133,42.00177)P14,1:(-31. 34163, -66. 46839, 42. 00177)
P14,2:(-36. 73883'-57. 78979'42.00177)P14,3:(-41. 14197, -48. 51886, 42. 00177)
P14,4:(-44. 40486, —38. 98959,42. 00177)P14,5:(-46. 96987, -29. 14769, 42. 00177)
P14,6:(-48. 77636,-19. 71839,42.00177)P14,7:(-49, 96843, -10. 34672, 42. 00177)
P14,8:(-50, 52016'—1.079174'42. 00177)P14,9:(-50, 38781, 8. 05409, 42. 00177)
P14,10:(-49, 54927, 17. 03574,42. 00177)P14,11:(—48. 01777, 25. 85058' 42. 00177)
P14,12:(-45. 82249, 34. 46262,42.00177)P14,13:(-42. 95092, 42. 77637, 42. 00177)
P14,14:(39. 23127, 52,35625,42,00177)P14,15: (-34. 21009, 59. 78947, 42. 00177)P15 P15 P15 P15 P15 P15 P15:
P16: P16: P16: P16, P16: P16 P16 P16
P17 P17 P17, P17 P17 P17 P17 P17,
0: (-19. 291, -70. 71259, 38, 98703) P13, 1: (-27. 65344, -62. 93072, 38. 98703)
2: (-33. 97882, -54. 53443, 38. 98703) P13, 3: (-38. 92699, -45. 64598, 38. 98703)
4: (-42. 67681, -36. 56471, 38. 98703) P13, 5 : (-45. 9152, -27. 3792, 38. 98703)
6: (-47. 89948, -18. 43097, 38. 98703) P13, 7: (-49. 20362, -9. 550095, 38. 98703)
8: (-49. 82895, -0. 7764716, 38. 98703) P13, 9: (-49. 76236, 7. 86431, 38. 98703)
10: (-49, 00619, 16.35719,38.98703) P13, 11: (—47. 58697, 24.68788,38. 98703)
38.98703) P13'
38.98703) P13,
12: (-45. 53823,32.82352 14: (-39. 48887, 49.71018
13: (-42. 85399, 40. 6811, 38. 98703) 15: (-35. 00085, 56. 86564, 38. 98703)
0: (—27. 0151' -77. 73895' 45. 0021) P15, 1: (-34. 34416, -69. 91159, 45. 0021)P15, 2: (-39. 18082, -60. 93285' 45, 0021)
3: (-43. 16906, -51. 31781, 45. 0021) P15, 4: (-46. 02774, -41. 38737, 45. 0021)
5: (-48. 00996, -30. 89363, 45. 0021) P15, 6: (—49, 63955, -21. 04062, 45. 0021) P15, 7: (-50. 7118' -11. 23819, 45. 0021)
8: (—51. 17912,-l, 537601, 45. 0021) P15,9: (-50,97102,8. 02799, 45. 0021) P15, 10: (-50. 04368' 17. 44034, 45. 0021)
11: (-48. 39906, 26. 68467, 45. 0021) P15' 12: (-46. 06376, 35. 72332, 45, 0021)
13: (—43. 02023, 44. 44968, 45, 0021) P15, 14: (—38. 95244, 54. 43567, 45. 0021) 15: (-33, 42022, 62. 07854, 45, 0021)
0: (-28. 99622, -80. 99377, 48. 00216) 2: (-41. 14938, -63.87228, 48, 00216) 4: (-47. 45844, -43. 66634, 48. 00216) 6: (-50. 45412, -22. 34178, 48. 00216) 8: (-51. 7894, -2. 100572, 48. 00216) 10: (-50. 48687, 17. 61721, 48. 00216) 12: (-46. 27838, 36. 64577, 48. 00216) 14: (-38. 70991, 56. 00887, 48. 00216)
P16, 1: (-36. 48458, -73. 14741, 48. 00216) P16, 3: (-44. 8874, -53. 95061, 48. 00216) P16, 5: (-48. 98436, -32. 5593, 48. 00216) P16, 7: (—51. 40975,-12, 17089, 48. 00216) P16, 9: (—51. 50214, 7. 834724, 48. 002L6) P16, 11: (-48. 73712, 27. 23363, 48. 00216) P16, 13: (—43. 08836, 45. 73717, 48. 00216) P16, 15: (-32. 71586, 63. 81025, 48. 00216)
0: (-29. 79123, -83. 86747, 51, 00186) P17, 1: (-37, 76174, -76. 02598, 51. 00186)
2: (-42. 5865, -66. 49121, 51. 00186) P17, 3: (-46. 239, -56. 30534, 51. 00186) 4: (—48. 64859, —45. 71983, 51. 00186) P17, 5: (—49. 8561, -34. 07679, 51. 00186)
6: (-51. 19293, -23. 5575, 51. 00186) P17' 7: (-52. 04226, -13. 08395, 51. 00186) 8: (-52. 33645, -2. 710693, 51, 00186) P17, 9: (-51, 97191, 7, 5283, 51. 00186) 10: (—50. 87611, 17. 61693,51. 00186) P17, 11: (—49. 03738, 27.54428, 51. 00186). 12: (-46. 481, 37. 27227, 51. 00186) P17, 13: (-43. 17918, 46. 67564, 51. 00186) 14: (-38. 55463, 57. 13283, 51. 00186)P17, 15: (-32. 17069, 65.05225, 51. 00186)
P18, 0: (-29. 70231, -86. 21057, 54. 00126) P18, 1: (—38. 30767, -78. 41509, 54. 00126)
PL8,2 :(-43. 51725,-68. 68816,54.00126)P18,3:(-47. 22165,-58. 28743, 54, 00126)
P18,4: (-49. 58496, -47.45925,54.00126)P18,5:(-50. 60303,--35,38776, 54. 00126)
P18'6: (-51.83764, -24. 63173,54,00126)P18,7:(-52. 59477,--13.92317' 54. 00126)
P18,8: (-52. 80936, -3.315335,54.00126)P18,9:(-52. 3736, 7159885, 54. 00126)
P18'10: (-51. 20998, 17.48908,54.00126)P18,11:(-49. 3049927. 66408, 54. 00126)
P18,12 :(-46. 68391,37,64717,54.00126)P18,13:(-43,31148,47.30518,54. 00126)
P18'14:(-38. 52468, 57.86291,54, 00126)P18, 15:(-31,8377365.86436, 54. 00126)
P19, 0: (-29. 09763, -87. 92638, 57. 00043 P19, 2: (-44. 0174, -70. 39455, 57. 00043) P19, 4: (-50. 27673, -48. 82742, 57. 00043 P19, 6: (-52. 37591, -25. 52324, 57. 00043 P19, 8: (-53. 19955' -3, 872389, 57. 00043 P19, 10: (-51. 48752, 17. 277, 57. 00(H3) P19, 12: (-46. 89552, 37. 81222, 57. 00043: P19, 14: (-38. 64229, 58. 24808, 57. 00043:
P21, 0: (-27. 6075, -89. 41417, 62. 99873) P21, 2: (-44. 11295, -72. 25341, 62. 99873 P21' 4: (-51. 01259, -50. 38816, 62. 99873 P21, 6: (-53. 10065, -26. 6721, 62. 99873) P21, 8: (-53. 70411, -4. 7326, 62. 99873) P21, 10: (-51. 86773, 16. 73652, 62. 99873 P21, 12: (-47, 35238, 37. 66051' 62. 99873 P21, 14: (-39. 31978, 58. 15421, 62. 99873
P22, 0: (—27. 11648, —89. 28415, 65. 99815 P22, 2: (-43. 88672, -72. 44096, 65. 99815 P22, 4: (—51. 10445, —50. 61032, 65. 99815 P22, 6: (-53. 27608, -26. 91528, 65. 99815 P22, 8: (-53. 80684, -5. 000964, 65. 99815 P22, 10: (-51. 96475, 16. 46278, 65. 99815 P22, 12: (-47. 5864, 37. 41083, 65. 99815) P22, 14: (-39. 83413, 57. 75785, 65. 99815
P23, 0: (-26. 8936, -88. 67663, 68, 99784) P23,2:(-43. 56948, -72. 18195, 68. 99784 P23, 4: (-5L. 04138, -50. 49604, 68. 99784
P19, 1: (-38. 32096, -80. 22663' 57. 00043〕 P19, 3: (-47. 86869, -59. 83484, 57. 00043) P19, 5: (-51. 21342, -36. 45051, 57. 00043) P19, 7: (—53. 05629, -14. 64707, 57. 00043) P19, 9: (—52. 70198, 6. 772324' 57. 00043) P19, 11: (-49, 54382, 27. 63617, 57. 00043) P19, 13: (-43. 49701, 47. 66471, 57. 00043) P19, 15: (-31. 74661, 66. 29501, 57. 00043〉
P20,0:(-28.31583,-88.98447,5999957)P20,1:(-38. 00895, -81. 42686, 59. 99957)
P20,2:(-44. 18395,-71.58105,59.99957)P20,3:(-48. 23072, -60. 92254, 59. 99957)
P20'4:(-50.74452,-49.80168,5999957)P20,5:(-51. 68216, -37. 24166, 59. 99957)
P20,6:(-52. 79905,-26. 20713'59.99957)P20,7:(-53, 41792, -15. 22832, 59. 99957)
P20,8:(-53.49988,-4, 351616,59.99957)P20,9:(—52. 95265, 6. 39877, 59. 99957)
P20,10:(-51.70749, 17.01637,59.99957)P20,11:(-49. 75546, 27. 4979, 59. 99957)
P20,12:(-47. 11918,37, 80515,59. 99957)P20,13:(-43. 7391, 47. 79082' 59. 99957)
P20'14:(-38. 91196, 58. 33156,59. 99957)P20,15:(-31. 90199, 66. 38421, 59. 99957)
P21, 1: (-37. 54818, -82. 03143, 62. 99873) P21, 3: (-48. 36181, -61. 55744, 62, 99873) P21, 5: (-52. 00795, -37. 75328, 62. 99873)
P21, 7: (-53. 67221, -15. 65126, 62. 99873) P21, 9: (-53. 12155, 6. 064353' 62. 99873) P21, 11: (-49. 93854, 27. 2819, 62. 99873) P21, 13: (-44. 03191, 47. 71838, 62. 99873) P21, 15: (-32. 28311, 66. 16976, 62. 99873)
P22, 1: (-37, 06581, -82. 08914, 65. 99815) P22, 3: (-48. 31152' -61. 7666, 65. 99815) P22, 5: (-52. 19192, -37. 98721, 65. 99815) P22, 7: (-53. 81297, -15. 90744, 65. 99815) P22, 9: (-53. 20465, 5. 789218, 65. 99815) P22, 11: (-50. 08822' 27. 01771' 65. 99815) P22, 13: (-44. 36046, 47. 48149, 65. 99815) P22, 15: (-32. 84505, 65. 69266, 65. 99815)
P23, 1: (-36. 63937' -81. 66154, 68. 99784) P23, 3: (-48. 12167, -61. 58349, 68. 99784) P23, 5: (-52. 23693, -37, 94853, 68. 99784)P23' 6: (-53. 32243' -26, 93658, 68. 99784: P23, 8: (-53. 80364, -5. 144617, 68. 99784: P23, 10: (-51. 99369, 16, 21843, 68. 99784: P23' 12: (-47. 80668, 37. 08722, 68. 99784: P23, 14: (-40. 40857, 57. 1863, 68. 99784)
P24, 0: (-26. 92888, -87. 66396, 71. 99789: P24, 2: (-43, 2088, -71. 51044, 71. 99789) P24, 4: (-50. 84279, -50. 06696, 71. 99789: P24, 6: (-53. 23887, -26. 73424' 71. 99789: P24,8: (-53.69131,-5. 151318,71.99789: P24, 10: (-51. 94844, 16. 02517, 71. 99789: P24, 12: (-47. 99403, 36. 71837' 71. 99789: P24, 14: (-40. 98696, 56. 48333, 71. 99789:
P25, 0: (-27. 18704, -86. 29348, 74. 99821〕 P25, 2: (-42. 83989, -70. 44711, 74. 99821〕 P25, 4: (—50. 52711, -49. 33217, 74. 99821: P25, 6: (-53. 02678, -26. 30247' 74. 99821: P25, 8: (-53. 46814' -5. 008132' 74. 99821〕 P25, 10: (-51. 82229, 15. 9021, 74. 99821) P25, 12: (—48. 12661, 36. 32814' 74. 99821) P25, 14: (-41. 51065, 55, 68778, 74. 99821)
P26' 0: (-27. 63675, -84, 5731, 78. 01297) P26, 2: (-42. 48795, -68. 98737, 78. 01297) P26, 4: (-50, 11011, —48. 28088, 78. 01297) P26, 6:(-52, 68789, -25. 62739, 78.01297) P26, 8: (—53, 13211, -4, 70063978. 01297) P26, 10: (-51. 6073, 15. 86344, 78. 01297)
P26,12:(-48. 18234, 35, 93052,78,01297〕
P26,14:(-41.92813, 54, 82304'78.01297)
P27,0:(-28. 25361,-82.50691,81.01337〕
P27,2:(-42. 17713,-67. 13071,81.01337)
P27,4:(-49.61303,-46, 90563,81.01337)
P27'6:(—52. 23072,—24. 70197,81.01337〕
P27,8:(-52,68755,-4, 221312,81.01337)
P27,10:(-51.29927, 15.91651,81.01337〕
P27'12:(-48, 14044, 35. 53432,81.01337)
P27,14:(-42. 19506, 53. 90798,81.01337〕
P28,0:(-29.03242, -80, 05016,84.01346)
P28'2:(-" 92084, -64, 84063,84.01346)
P28,4:(-49.04962,-45. 17499,84.01346)
P28'6:(-51.66027,-23. 50814,84.01346)
P28,8:(-52, 13496, -3. 562144,84.01346)
P23, 7: (-53. 83544, -15. 9909, 68. 99784) P23, 9: (-53. 19802, 5. 591346, 68. 99784) P23, 11: (-50. 196H,26. 73304, 68, 99784) P23, 13: (-44. 70167, 47. 11362, 68. 99784) P23, 15: (-33. 52284, 64. 99933, 68. 99784)
P24, 1: (-36. 30823, -80. 80395, 71. 99789) P24, 3: (-47. 82671, -61. 03591, 71. 99789) P24, 5: (-52. 14754, -37. 64019, 71, 99789) P24, 7: (-53. 73675, -15. 89469, 71, 99789) P24, 9: (-53. 09792, 5. 487998' 71. 99789) P24, 11: (-50. 25117, 26. 45339, 71. 99789) P24, 13: (-45. 02651, 46. 64605, 71. 99789) P24, 15: (-34. 23899, 64. 13941' 71, 99789)
P25, 1: (-36. 08897, -79. 55296, 74. 99821) P25, 3: (-47. 45546, -60, l薦7, 74. 99821) P25, 5: (-51. 93015, -37. 05967, 74. 99821) P25, 7: (—53. 5161, —15. 60947, 74. 99821) P25, 9: (-52. 90118, 5. 495405, 74. 99821) P25, 11: (-50. 24017, 26, 2叩31, 74. 99821) P25' 13: (-45. 30322, 46. 10514' 74, 99821) P25' 15: (-34, 91404, 63. 1597, 74. 99821)
P26, 1: (-35. 98817, -77. 91248, 78. 01297) P26, 3: (-47. 03053, -58, 8825, 78. 01297) P26' 5: (-51. 5908, -36. 19333, 78. 01297) P26, 7: (-53. 17286, —15. 12L04, 78. 01297) P26, 9: (-52. 60376, 5. 628025, 78. 01297)
P26,11:(-50.14902, 25. 98774, 78. 01297) P26, 13: (-45. 50157, 45. 50574, 78. 01297) P26, 15: (-35, 48082, 62. 09106, 78. 01297)
P27, 1: (-36. 01097, -75. 88722, 81. 01337) P27, 3: (-46. 57718, -57, 2635, 81. 01337) P27, 5: (-51. 14178, -35. 03478' 81. 01337) P27, 7: (-52. 71333, —14. 42204, 81. 01337) P27, 9: (-52. 20686, 5. 893324, 81. 01337) P27' 11: (-49.96579, 25. 82319, 81. 01337) P27, 13: (-45,59298, 44. 85979'81. 01337) P27, 15: (-35.88555, 60. 96145,81.01337)
P28, 1: (-36. 15958, -73. 43826, 84. 01346) P28,3: (-46. 11065, -55.24656, 84.01346) P28' 5 : (—50. 59109, —33. 56133, 84. 01346) P28, 7: (-52. 14016, -13. 49936, 84. 01346) P28' 9: (-51. 70813' 6. 294151, 84. 01346)
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巡丄Z/ST第法的欲
P33, 14: (—40, 70279, 45. 61066, 99, 00874)
P34, 0: (-36. 90888, -50. 72644, 102. 0072) P34, 2: (-41. 73247, -37. 92017, 102, 0072) P34, 4: (-44. 82543, -24. 2943, 102. 0072) P34' 6: (-46, 10281, -9' 452496, 102. 0072) P34, 8: (-46, 45675, 4, 413338, 102, 0072) P34, 10: (-45, 88467, 18. 06409' 102. 0072) P34, 12: (—44.體,31. 13595,102. 0072) P34, 14: (-40. 17163, 43.3213, 102. 0072)
P33, 15: (-35, 93021, 51, 09169, 99. 00874)
P34, 1: (-39. 52674, -44. 64611, 102. 0072)
P34, 3: (-43, 48641, -31. 21753, 102. 0072) P34, 5: (-45. 52U9, -16. 39067' 102. 0072)
P34, 7: (-46. 40137, -2. 507676, 102, 0072) P34, 9: (-46. 28821, 11. 2823, 102, 0072)
P34, 11: (-45. 19292, 24. 70758' 102, 0072) P34, 13: (-42. 42773, 37. 2358, 102. 0072) P34, 15: (-36. 06924, 48. 39212, 102. 0072)
P35, 0: (-38. 54228, -41, 73147, 105, 0059) P35, 2: (-41, 81444, -30. 39335, 105. 0059) P35, 4: (-43. 99203, -18. 43744, 105. 0059) P35, 6: (-44, 79202, -5, 764849' 105. 0059)
P35, 1: (-40. 33411,-36, 23487, 105.0059) P35, 3: (-43. 04562, -24. 49344' 105. 0059) P35, 5: (-44. 37293, -11, 87352, 105, 0059) P35, 7: (-44. 99532, 0. 3511949, 105. 0059〉
P35, 8: (-45. 00557, 6, 44814, 105. 0059〕 P35, 9: (-44. 82927, 12. 49981, 105. 0059) P35, 10: (-44. 44937' 18. 4743, 105. 0059)
P35, 11: (-43. 81702, 24. 32799' 105. 0059) P35, 13: (-41. 38056, 35. 40281, 105. 0059) P35, 15: (-36. 31181, 45. 29111, 105. 0059)
P35, 12: (-42. 84189, 29. 99942, 105. 0059) P35, 14: (-39. 57803, 40. 71552, 105. 0059)
P36, 0: (-39. 91732, -31. 64921, 108. 0043) P36' 2: (-41. 73648, -22. 2163, 108. 0043) P36, 4: (—43. 0267, -12. 07378, 108. 0043) P36, 6: (-43. 30584, 1. 826535, 108. 0043) P36, 8: (-43, 32492, 8, 594214, L08. 0043) P36, 10: (—42. 74171, 18. 85028, 108. 0043) P36, 12: (—41. 31752, 28. 73345, 108. 0043) P36,14:(—38, 83144, 37. 87199, 108. 0043)
P36,1: (-40.94646, -26. 95722,108.0043) P36, 3: (-42. 46989, -17. 19078, 108. 0043) P36, 5: (-43. 07047, -7. 041469, 108. 0043) P36' 7: (—43. 38757, 3. 392U9' 108. 0043) P36, 9: (-43, 1157, 13. 75868, 108. 0043) P36, 11: (-42, 1,2, 23, 86631, 108. 0043) P36, 13: (-40. 10502, 33. 4043, 108, 0043) P36, 15: (-36. 51318, 41, 87641,跳0043)
P37, 0: (-40, 58841,—21. 60556, 111.003) P37, 1: (-41. 01278,-17. 8045, 111. 003) P37, 2: (-41, 24391,-14' 19225, 111. 003) P37, 3: (-41. 55635, -10. 03107, 1U, 003) P37' 4: (—41. 76794,-5. 837396, 111, 003)
P37, 5: (-41.51786,-2. 283303, 111. 003) P37, 6: (-41.56239,2, 038907, 111.003) P37, 7: (-41.5042,6. 356941, 111. 003) P37, 8: (-41. 34482, 10. 65849, 111. 003) P37, 9: (—41. 07906, 14. 93019, 111. 003) P37' 10: (-40. 69305, 19. 15625, 111. P37, 11: (-40. 1621' 23. 3171' 111. 003) P37, 12: (-39.4485,27. 38815' 111, 003) P37, 13: (-38. 49921, 31. 33846, 111.003) P37, 14: (-37. 73441, 34, 98302, 111. 003) P37, 15: (-36. 34301, 38. 40144, 111. 003)
P38, 0: (-39.90609,-13. 90364, 114. 0013) P38' 1: (-39. 99419, -10. 75885, 114.0013) P38' 2: (-39. 92904' -7, 883173, 114. 0013) P38' 3: (-39. 96219, -4. 421724, 114. 0013) P38' 4: (-39. 93082, -0, 9714454, 114. 0013) P38, 5: (-39. 55082, 1. 668577, 114. 0013)
P38, 6: (-39.42532,5. 22015' 114, 0013) P38, 7: (-39. 23032,8. 757245' U4. 0013) P38, 8: (-38.96585, 12. 2757' "4.0013) P38, 9: (-38, 62934, 15, 77074, 114.0013) P38' 10: (—38. 21519, 19. 23666' 114. 0013) P38' 11: (-37. 71437, 22. 66659, 114. 0013) P38, 12: (-37. 11381' 26. 05218, 114.0013)
13: (-36. 396, 29, 38336, 114. 0013) P38' 14: (-35,93673, 32. 41562, 114, 0013) P38, 15: (-35. 20938, 35. 38474, 114. 0013)
P39, 0: (-37. 10939,-12. 20704, 117) P39, 1: (-37. 20704,-8. 984388, 117) P39, 2: (-37. 23494,-5. 789635, 117) P39, 3: (-37, 19524, -2. 621709, 117) P39, 4: (-37, 09007, 0. 5204607, 117) P39, 5: (-36. 92159, 3. 637948, 117)
P39, 6: (-36.69193, 6. 731827, 117) P39, 7: (-36. 40326,9.803168, 117) P39,8: (-36.0577, 12,85305, 117)
P39,9: (-35.65742, 15.88254, 117) P39' 10: (-35, 20456, 18. 89271, 117) P39, 11: (-34. 70125' 21.88464' 117)
P39, 12: (-34. 14965, 24.8594, 117) P39, 13: (-33.55191, 27. 81806, 117) P39, 14: (—32.91017, 30. 7617, 117) P39, 15: (-32. 22657, 33. 69139, 117)
C/阶乘计算会超过计算机的能力导致溢出错误。可采用de Castelijau 算法来计算空间点。
^ Pi, k=0
Pi — i (l-t)P(k—'+tPi+," k=l,2,3...10,i=0,l,..16-k
基于de Castelijau的算法,可以构建40X16阶bezier曲面。通过 边缘提取算法。我们可以构建单帧的三维bezier曲线。通过将这数十条 不同阶数的曲线升阶到相同的阶数,然后构建控制曲线(Z轴);通过对空 间曲线的校正。使帧曲线Z轴上保持连续性。接着将这些校正后曲线控制 点置于一超空间中。在这个超空间中构建超空间控制曲面。通过调节超空 间控制区面来完成对最终曲面的调节。最后我们将其拆分成mXn个双5 次曲面片以实现局部的调节能力。同时也兼顾了 proE的双16次曲面片矩 阵的限制。这样就实现了钛板曲面的生成。
算法如下
(1) 空间bezier曲面的阶数是40X10,则拆分成19X7个空间3X3 阶曲面片。公式如下
m' = (m- 3) / 2 + 1 =19; 〃3X3 n' = (n - 3) / 2 + 1 =7; 〃3X3
(2) 拆分成19 X 7个3 X 3阶曲面片 语法(c析吾言)
this. subGrpPlanes = new bezierPlane[19, 7]: this. subGrpPlmies [i, j]= new bezierPlane();
(3) 为了保持空间曲面的一阶参数连续性,即连接点具有相同的一阶导 数。则需耍在空间进行插值,将bezier曲面片由3X3阶扩展成5X5 阶。插值算法如下
for (int n = 0; n < 7;for (int ra = 0; m < 19; m++)
this. subGrpPlanes [m, n]. Control Points = new Point3D[5, 5]; 〃计算空间双线性插值
4.将拆分后bezier曲面转换成非均匀有理B样条曲面(NURBS),算法 如下-
s(u,v)
5 5
2 2 (W(i,j)p(i,j)b"u) i=0 j=
k k
22 (W(i,J)bi,m1(U)
i=0 j=
非均匀有理B样条曲面是四维非均匀多项式曲面在三维空间的投影.
射
P(i, j)为三维空间的控制点。即bezier曲面的控制点坐标。 W(i,j)为权重。bi,ml(u) bj,m2(V)为B样条基函数,根据de Boor 由下面公式递规算出。
u-u ui+m1_r u
bi,ml(U)=-bi,mw(U) + -bi+1 ,m1-1(U)
ui+mT ui U1+mi-i- Uj+i
v画v Vj+m2-r V
bj,m2(v)=-bj,m2-"U) +-bj,w(V)
Vj+m2- Vj Vj+m2-i- Vj+1这样,我们就完成了从beziet:曲面向NURBS曲面的转换计算。
5.将设计出的病人缺损骨骼钛合金修复体的空间曲面NURBS数据转 换成标准的IGES数据格式,然后将IGES数据转换成能被数控机床直接识 别和加工的G代码数据格式。
IGES:文件
〃头文件部分
this IGES file is creat by Ti隨te, ver 1.0, Author:chenhua, all rights reS 1
served, Creat Time:2007-07-19 22:12:00, Patient Name:ZHANG HE QING, PatiervtS 2
Age:058Y,Patient Sex:M ,Patient ID:00008027,AcquisitionDate:20051221,HoS 3
spital:SHA ST, LUKS HOSPITAL S 4
〃全局变量部分
1H, , 1H:, 3H1. 0, 18HZHANG HE QING. iges, 53HTiMate by TiMate Medical system tG 1
echnology coporation, 11Hversion 1. 0, 32, 38, 7, 38, 15, 3H1. 0, 1, 2, 2HMM, 32768, OG 2
.5, 19H2007-07-19 22:12:00, 0. 01, 100, 7HChenHua, 25HTiMate Medical TechnologG 3
y, 10, 0, 19H2007-07-19 22:12:00:G 4
〃目录部分(列举其中的六个NURBS曲面片)
12811 10000000000D1
12805 460OD2
128471 10000000000D3
12805 400OD4
128871 10000000000D5
12805 400OD6
1281271 10000000000D7
12805 400OD8
1281671 10000000000D9
12805 400OD10
1282071 10000000000D11
12805 400OD12
〃空间曲面参数描述,列举其中的六个曲面片的NURBS描述
128,5,5, 5,5,0,o,1, 0, 0,IP1
0, 0,0,0, 0,0,1,1,1, 1, 1, 1,IP2
0, 0,0,0, 0,0,1,1,1, 1, 1, 1,IP3
1, 1,1'1, 1,1,IP4
1, 1,1,1, 1,1,IP5
1, 1,1,1, 1,1,IP6
1, 1,1,1, 1,1,IP7
1, 1,1,1, 1,1,IP8
1, 1, l, 1' 1, 1'1P9
-58. 10548, -27. 34376, 0,1P10
-58. 67001' -27. 20846, 1. 499267,1P11
-59. 23453, —27, 07316, 2. 998534,1P12
-59. 65763, -26. 93483, 4. 497801,1P13
-60. 08073, -26. 7965, 5. 997068,1P14
-58, 62416, -27. 23081, 7. 496338,1P15
-56. 20267,-25.00516, 0,1P16
-57. 11432, -25. 07714' 1. 499267,1Pi7
-58, 02596, -25. L4912, 2. 998534,1P18
-58. 46324, -25. 09223, 4. 497801,1P19
-58, 90052, -25. 03534, 5, 997068,1P20
-57. 59631, -25. 52073, 7. 496338,1P21
—54. 29987' -22. 66655, 0,1P22
-55. 55862, -22. 94581, 1. 499267,LP23
-56. 81738, -23. 22507, 2. 998534,IP24
-57. 26884, -23. 24962, 4. 497801,iP25
-57. 72031' -23. 27417, 5. 997068,IP26
-56. 56845, -23. 81065, 7. 4%338,IP27
-52. 77248, -20. 52982' 0,IP28
-54. 19284, -20. 92336, L 499267,IP29
—55. 61319, -21. 31691, 2. 998534,IP30
-56. 09906, -21. 40395, 4. 497801,IP31
-56. 58492' -21. 49099, 5. 997068,IP32
-55. 61768' -22. 08945, 7. 496338,IP33
-51. 2451,-18.39309,0,IP34
-52. 82705, -18. 90092, 1. 499267,IP35
-54. 409, -19. 40875, 2. 998534,IP36
—54. 92927, —19. 55828' 4. 497801,IP37
-55. 44954, -L9. 70781, 5. 997068,IP38
—54. 6669' -20. 36825, 7. 496338,IP39
-50.01675,-16. 42474, 0,IP40
-51. 66837, -17. 02649, 1. 499267,IP41
-53. 32,-17. 62825,2.998534,IP42
-53. 89611, -17. 84888, 4, 497801,IP43
—54. 47223' -18. 06952, 5, 997068,IP44
-53. 84598, -18. 74322, 7. 496338,IP45
0, 1, 0, 1,IP46
128, 5, 4,5,4, 0, 0, 1'0, 0,3P47
0, 0, 0, 0' 0' 0, 1, 1, 1, 1' 1, 1,3P48
0, 0, 0' 0' 0, 1' 1' 1, 1, 1,3P49
1, 1, 1, 1' 1'3P50
1, 1, l,l,l,3P51
1, 1, 1, 1' 1'3P52
1, 1, 1' 1, 1,3P53
1, 1, 1, 1, 1'3P54
1, 1, 1, 1' 1'3P55
-50. 01675,-16, 42474, 0,3P56
-51. 66837, —17, 02649, 1. 499267,3P57
-53. 32,-17, 62825,2,998534,3P58
-53. 89611, -17. 84888, 4. 497801,3P59
-54. 47223, -18. 06952, 5. 997068,3P60
-53. 84598, -18. 74322, 7. 496338,3P61
-48. 78839, -14. 45639, 0,3P62
-50. 50969, -15. 15207, 1. 499267,3P63
-52. 23099, -15. 84774, 2' 998534,64
-52. 86295, -16. 13949, 4. 497801,3P65
-53. 49492, -16. 43124, 5. 997068,3P66
-53. 02505, -17. L1819' 7. 496338,3P67
-47. 79847, -12. 62721, 0,3P68
-49. 52165, -13. 37951, 1. 499267,3P69
-51. 24483, -14. 1318,2.998534,3P70
-51. 91752, -14. 47349, 4. 497801,3P71
-52. 59021' -14. 81519, 5. 997068,. 3P72
-52. 25783, -15. 50284, 7. 496338,3P73
-46. 80855,-10, 79803,0,3P74
-48. 53361, -11. 60695, 1. 499267,3P75
-50. 25867, -12. 41586, 2' 998534,3P76
-50, 97209, -12. 8075, 4, 497801,3P77
-51. 6855, -13. 19913, 5. 997068,3P78
-51. 4906, -13. 8875, 7. 496338,3P79
-46. 00924, -9. 082273, 0,3P80
-47. 66708, -9. 846901, 1, 499267,3P81
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0, 1, 0, 1,3P86
128, 5, 4, 5, 4, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0,5P87
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0' 1' 1'丄,1, 1, 1,5P88
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1' 1, 1, 1, 1,5P89
1, 1, 1' 1, 1,5P90
1, 1, 1' 1, 1,5P91
1' 1, 1, 1, 1,5P92
1, 1, 1, 1, 1,5P93
l,l, 1, 1, 1,5P94
U,l, 1, 1,5P95
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128, 5, 4, 5, 4, 0, 0,1,0, 0,7P127
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1' 1, 1, 1' 1, 1'7P128
0, 0, 0' 0, 0, 1, 1, 1> 1, 1,7P129
1, 1, 1, 1, 1,7P130
1, l,l,U'7P131
1, 1, 1, 1, 1'7P132
1, 1, 1, 1, 1,7P133
1' l,l'l'l'7P134
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0, 1, 0, 1,7P166
128, 5, 4, 5' 4, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0,9P167
0, 0, 0, 0, 0' 0, 1' 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,9P168
0, 0, 0, 0' 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,9P169
1, 1, 1' 1, 1,9P170
1, 1, 1, 1' 1,9P171
1, 1, 1, 1' 1,9P172
1, 1, 1, 1' 1'9P173
1, 1, 1, 1, t,9P174
1, 1, 1, 1, 1,gp175
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一45. 57877, 1. 646417, 5. 997068,9P180
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—44. 39276, 3. 574533, 4. 497801,9P185
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—41. 87101, 7. 399941, 1. 499267,9P195
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0, 1,0, 1'9P
128,5,4, 5, 4, 0' 0, 1, 0, 0'IIP207
O'O, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1' 1' 1, 1'IIP208
0,0, 0, 0, 0, 1' 1' 1, 1, 1,UP209
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1, 1, 1, 1' 1'IIP212
1, 1, 1, 1' 1'UP213
1, 1, 1, 1, 1'IIP214
1, 1, 1> 1, LIIP215
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-42.32194,14.6905,7.496338, IIP 245
0, 1,0,1, IIP 246
G代码(列举部分内容)
%
00000
N106G0G90G54X15. 396Y-84. 5A0. S3000M3
N108G43H1Z60.
N110Z7.6
N112G1Z0. F2000.
Ml 14X19. 692F3000.
N116G0Z5.
N118Z50.
N120X-43. 049Y-75. 605 N122Z7.6 N124G1Z0. F2000. N126X32. 757F3000. N128G0Z5. N130Z50.
N132X-51, 512Y-66. 711
N134Z7.6
N136G1Z0.F2000.
N138X41. 527F3000.
N140G0Z5.
N142Z50.
N144X-53. 118Y-57. 816
N146Z7.6
N148G1Z0. F2000.
N150X55. 286F3000.
N152G0Z5.
N154Z50.
N156X-63, 294Y-48. 921
N158Z7. 6
N160G1Z0,F2000.
N162X63. 294F3000.
N164G0Z5.
N166Z50.
N168X-69. 245Y-40. 026
N170Z7.6
N172G皿F2000.
N174X69. 245F3000.
N176G0Z5.
N178Z50.
N180X—73. 674Y-31. 132
N182Z7,6 N184G1Z0, F2000. N186X73. 674F3000. N188G0Z5. N190Z50.
N192X-76. 83Y-22. 237
N194Z7.6
N196G1Z0.F2000.
N198X76. 83F3000.
N200G0Z5.
N202Z50.
N204X-78. 866Y-13. 342 N206Z7, 6 N208G1Z0.F2000. N210X78, 866F3000. N212G0Z5. N214Z50.
N216X-79. 861Y-4. 447 N218Z7.6 N220G1Z0. F2000. N222X79. 861F3000. N224G0Z5. N226Z50.
N228X-79. 861Y4, 447 N230Z7. 6 N232G1Z0. F2000. N234X79. 861F3000. N236G0Z5. N238Z50.
N240X-78. 866Y13. 342 N242Z7. 6 N244G1Z0. F2000. N246X78. 866F3000. N248G0Z5. N250Z50.
N252X-76. 83Y22.237 N254Z7, 6 N256G1Z0, F2000. N258X76. 83F3000. N260G0Z5. N262Z50.
N264X-73. 674Y31. 132 N266Z7. 6 N268G1Z0. F2000. N270X73. 674F3000. N272G0Z5.
N274Z50.
N276X-69.245Y40.026 N278Z7.6 N280G1Z0. F2000. N282X69. 245F3000. N284G0Z5. N286Z50.
N288X-63. 294Y48. 921
6. 将G代码输入数据数控机床,加工出所需的冲压模具,如图2所示。
7. 该模具冲压钛合金板,获得病人缺损骨骼修复体,如图3所示。
8. 将输入计算机的病人骨骼CT或MR的D工C0M格式数据,进行三维重 建,并将重建后的骨骼图像输入数控机床,由数控机床加工出ABS材质的 病人骨骼,如图4所示。
9. 将步骤7得到的钛合金修复体,和步骤8获得的病人骨骼模型,进 行匹配校验,确保修复体与病人头骨严丝合缝,如图5所示。
经过校验的钛合金修复体即可通过外科手术植入人体,对骨骼进行修补。
最后将手术植入人体,对头颅缺损处进行修补,如图6所示。 应用该方法获得的修复体与病人颅骨模型匹配良好,符合病人的个性 需要,不但可以实现上述具体实施方式
所说的大面积骨骼缺损外,还可以 实现大曲率曲面,如病人颅骨的眉弓处的精确制作,如图7所示。
权利要求
1、一种人体缺损骨骼钛合金修复体的三维塑形和制备方法,是基于病人骨骼的CT(计算机断层扫描)或MR(核磁共振)的DICOM格式的数据输入计算机,进行缺损骨修复体设计,最终获得钛合金骨骼修复体的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤(1)基于CT或MR的DICOM格式数据输入计算机;(2)利用计算机辅助设计出病人缺损骨骼钛合金修复体的空间曲面;(3)根据该曲面设计钛板成型模具;(4)将模具数据输入数控机床;(5)由数控机床加工出依设计所需的冲压模具;(6)由该模具冲压钛板,获得病人缺损骨骼修复体。
2、 如权利要求1所述的方法,特征在于,病人缺损骨骼钛合金修复 体的空间曲面的设计是将病人骨骼图像的DICOM格式数据在轴位,冠状 位和矢状位进行重建。生成病人骨骼的三个相位的断面图。在病人骨骼轴 位图上并参照冠状位和矢状位图,设计出病人覆盖骨骼缺损处的用于钛板 成型的空间曲线。
3、 如权利要求1或2所述的方法,特征在于缺损骨修复体的设计, 可以基于de Castelijau算法,在任意阶上构建bezier曲面,再将bezier 曲面转换成非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)曲面。
4、 如权利要求1或2或3所述的方法,特征在于将设计出的病人 缺损骨骼钛合金修复体的空间曲面NURBS数据转换成标准的IGES数据格 式,然后由IGES数据生成能被数控机床直接识别和加工的G代码数据格 式。
5、 如权利要求1所述的方法,特征在于,还包含如下步骤加工出 病人头骨模型,再将冲压成形的钛合金病人缺损骨骼修复体进行匹配校 验,确保修复体与病人头骨严丝合缝。
6、 如权利要求5所述的方法,特征在于,病人骨骼的加工方法为 将输入计算机的病人骨骼CT或MR的DICOM格式数据,进行三维重建,并 将重建后的骨骼图像输入数控机床,由数控机床加工出病人骨骼。
7、如权利要求5或6所述的方法,特征在于病人骨骼三维重建生 成的数据转换成IGES数据最终生成G代码,将G代码输入数控机床加工出 来。
全文摘要
本发明是一种通过模具冲压来获得人体缺损骨骼钛合金修复体的方法,可以为骨缺损的病人,尤其是缺损骨骼结构复杂的病人,提供符合其个性需要的、高精度的钛合金骨修复体。本发明根据病人的骨骼的CT或MR的DICOM格式数据构建缺损骨骼修复体的曲面,根据该曲面设计钛板成型模具,再将模具数据输入数控机床,由数控机床加工出依设计所需的冲压模具,由模具将钛板冲压成型。并且将病人骨骼CT或MR的DICOM格式数据,进行三维重建,并将重建后的骨骼图像输入数控机床,由数控机床加工出病人骨骼,与病人的骨骼模型进行匹配校验,确保修复体与病人头骨严丝合缝。
文档编号G05B19/4097GK101354579SQ20071004425
公开日2009年1月28日 申请日期2007年7月26日 优先权日2007年7月26日
发明者杨志文, 华 陈 申请人:上海泰美软件科技发展有限公司