一种乙基多杀菌素的化学合成方法与流程

文档序号:11170324阅读:4514来源:国知局

(一)技术领域

本发明涉及一种乙基多杀菌素的化学合成方法,属于化学合成技术领域。

(二)

背景技术:

乙基多杀菌素(spinetoram,结构式如下所示)由美国陶氏益农公司开发于上世纪90年代开发,是多杀菌素的第二代产品。乙基多杀菌素属于大环内酯类杀虫剂,其分子结构包含一个独特的四核环骨架,9-、17-位分别连接3-乙氧基-2,4-二甲氧基鼠李糖和福乐糖胺。

乙基多杀菌素具有杀虫谱广、高效、低毒、低残留、对人和非靶标动物安全、对环境无毒害等优点,不仅已在水稻、小麦、玉米、棉花、蔬菜、果树、烟草、花卉等多种作物上施用,而且在家禽、宠物体外寄生虫的防治、粮食储存等应用上也显示了它的优越性(greenchemistryandengineeringconference.2008)。此外,乙基多杀菌素可通过多种途径组合快速降解,最终降解为二氧化碳、水和氮氧化合物(advancingsustainabilitythroughgreenchemistryandengineering,2002,823:61-73),不会对环境产生不利影响。相比于第一代产品——甲基多杀菌素(spinosad),乙基多杀菌素不但对蔬菜作物的杀虫效果明显,而且能有效防治水果和坚果等作物上的害虫,尤其是对梨果类果树上一种棘手的害虫——苹果蠢蛾有特效(j.comput.aided.mol.des.,2008,22:393-401),于2008年获得美国总统绿色化学挑战奖。

目前,乙基多杀菌素是将多杀菌素j(spinosynj)和多杀菌素l(spinosynl)进行化学修饰所得(us2008/0108800a1)。但是该方法中原料spinosynj和spinosynl的发酵产率低、分离困难、产品成本高,制约着乙基多杀菌素的发展与应用,因此研究新的乙基多杀菌素生产方法具有重要意义。本发明提供了一种化学合成方法制备乙基多杀菌素,为今后更深入的研究提供技术支持。

(三)

技术实现要素:

本发明提供一种乙基多杀菌素的化学合成方法,即将多杀菌素a(spinosyna)在酸性条件下水解(journalofantibiotics,1998,51(8):795-799),得到大环内酯(aglycone)和福乐糖胺;然后将大环内酯经过选择性保护和脱保护,渐次与3-乙氧基-2,4-二甲氧基鼠李糖和福乐糖胺反应,得到乙基多杀菌素类似物;再经过pd/c催化还原,最终得到乙基多杀菌素。由大环内酯出发,七步合成乙基多杀菌素的总收率为14%,合成路线如下:

本发明提供的合成乙基多杀菌素的化学方法包括如下步骤:

(1)在超干二氯甲烷溶剂中、依次加入大环内酯(aglycone)、叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷(tbdmscl)和4-二甲氨基吡啶(4-dmap),混合液加热至回流,制得用tbdms选择性保护9位羟基的9-位糖苷化衍生化物1;

(2)在-30℃~5℃下、二氯甲烷溶剂中,依次加入化合物1、三异丙基硅基三氟甲磺酸酯(tipsotf)和2,6-二甲基吡啶,混合液低温反应3小时,制得17-位羟基被tips保护的衍生物2;

(3)在四氢呋喃中,用醋酸水溶液选择性脱除化合物2的9-位羟基保护基tbdms,制得9-位羟基裸露的大环内酯衍生物3。

(4)在丙酮、室温条件下,以碳酸钾为缚酸剂,利用2,2,2-三氟-n-苯基亚氨代乙酰氯活化自制的3-乙氧基-2,4-二甲氧基鼠李糖的1位羟基,制得糖苷配体4;

(5)在-78℃、干燥二氯甲烷中,以三甲硅基三氟甲磺酸酯(tmsotf)为催化剂,将配体4与化合物3的9-位羟基糖苷化,制得9-位糖苷化产物5;

(6)在-10℃~0℃、乙腈介质中,以氢氟酸选择脱除化合物5的17-位羟基保护基tips,制得17-位羟基裸露的大环内酯衍生物6。

(7)室温、氩气保护条件下,在超干二氯甲烷溶剂中,利用三氟化硼乙醚催化福乐糖胺配体7与大环内酯衍生物6的17-位羟基相连接,构建糖苷键,制得乙基多杀菌素的类似物8;

(8)室温条件下,在乙酸乙酯溶剂中,用10%pd/c、氢气催化还原化合物8的5,6-位碳碳双键,最终制得乙基多杀菌素。

本发明的优点在于:以发酵产率较高的多杀菌素a为原料,各步反应均有较高的产率,且后处理方便,为今后乙基多杀菌素的化学合成研究提供技术支持。

(四)具体实施方式:

下面的实施例对本发明做进一步说明,其目的是能更好的理解本发明的内容,但实施例不以任何方式限制本发明的权利范围。本专业技术领域的技术人员在本发明权利要求范围内做出的改进和调整也应属于本发明的权利保护范围。

实施例1

将3.11g(7.71mmol)aglycone溶于60mlch2cl2中,所得溶液室温搅拌,快速加入1.83g(14.98mmol)4-二甲氨基吡啶(4-dmap)和1.39g(9.22mmol)叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷。所得溶液加热回流5h后,停止反应。反应液加入120ml二氯甲烷稀释,饱和碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,真空浓缩得到粗品。用硅胶色谱柱分离(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=5:1,rf=0.36),得到2.88g化合物1,产率73%。1hnmr(400mhz,cdcl3)δ:0.03(6h,si(ch3)2),0.81(3h,t,c23-h),0.87(9h,s,ch3),1.20(3h,d,c24-h),1.25(1h,m,c11-h),(1.38-1.79,2.25)(2h×6,c8-hc10-h,c18-h,c19-h,c20-h,c22-h),2.22(h,m,c7-h).2.39(h,d,j=13.4,c2-h),2.87(1h,m,c12-h),2.99(1h,c16-h),3.12(1h,d,j=13.4hz,c2-h),3.19(1h,m,c3-h),3.43(1h,m,c4-h),3.67(1h,m,c17-h),4.34(1h,m,c9-h),4.69(1h,s,c21-h),5.77and5.85(2h,dd,j=30.4hz,c5-h,c6-h),6.79(1h,s,c13-h);13cnmr(100mhz,cdcl3)δ:-4.51,9.16,15.9,21.8,26.1,28.6,30.2,33.0,34.2,35.0,40.8,40.8,41.4,41.7,46.4,47.8,48.2,49.7,72.7,72.8,77.1,128.5,130.1,144.3,148.2,172.8,202.7;ir(kbr)ν:3467.9(s),2955.5(s),2930.6(s),2857.3(s),1724.2(s),1660.4(s),1614.4(s),1462.8(m),1375.1(m)cm-1;ms(esi)calforc30h49o5si[m+na]+517.33428,found[m+na]+517.33417.

实施例2

将0.99g(1.91mmol)化合物1溶于30mlch2cl2中,然后加入0.42g(4.01mmol)2,6-二甲基吡啶。混合液冷冻至-20℃后,缓慢加入0.66g(2.16mmol)三异丙基硅基三氟甲磺酸酯,0℃反应3h。用50ml二氯甲烷稀释,有机相用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸馏除去溶剂。粗品进行硅胶色谱分离(乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:10,rf=0.68),得到1.08g化合物2,产率85%。1hnmr(400mhz,cdcl3)δ:1hnmr(400mhz,cdcl3)δ:;1.04(18h,ch3),1.25(3h,m,j=8.6hz,ch),0.03(6h,si(ch3)2),0.81(3h,t,c23-h),0.87(9h,s,ch3),1.24(3h,m,c24-h),1.19(1h,m,c11-h),(1.37-1.83,2.21)(2h×6,c8-h,c10-h,c18-h,c19-h,c20-h,c22-h),2.24(h,m,c7-h).2.42(h,d,j=10.1,c2-h),2.88(1h,m,c12-h),3.02(1h,c16-h),3.08(1h,d,j=10.1hz,c2-h),3.22(1h,m,c3-h),3.46(1h,m,c4-h),4.05(1h,m,c17-h),4.34(1h,m,c9-h),4.64(1h,s,c21-h),5.76and5.84(2h,dd,j=8.1hz,j=33.1hz,c5-h,c6-h),6.87(1h,s,c13-h),7.71and7.52(2,6-lutidine);13cnmr(100mhz,cdcl3)δ;-4.65,9.47,13.0,18.2,18.5,26.0,19.5,28.0,31.3,34.9,36.8,40.9,40.941.241.6,46.9,47.8,48.8,49.8,72.8,74.7,76.0,128.9,130.0,143.5,148.2,172.7,203.6;ir(kbr)ν:2944.6(s),2866.3(s),1725.0(s),1662.1(s),1462.4(m),1369.2(m),1256.1(m),1148.5(m),1097.1(m)cm-1;ms(esi)calforc39h69o5si2[m+h]+673.46780,found[m+h]+673.46775.

实施例3

将0.71g(1.04mmol)化合物2溶于30ml四氢呋喃,然后加入40ml乙酸和20ml水,混合液70℃反应24小时。反应结束后,减压蒸馏除去四氢呋喃,然后加水稀释,碳酸氢钠中和,溶液用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相经无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸馏除去溶剂。粗品进行硅胶色谱分离(乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:5,rf=0.68),得到0.41g化合物3,产率71%。1hnmr(400mhz,cdcl3)δ:1.00(18h,ch3),1.25(3h,t,j=8.6hz,ch),0.81(3h,t,j=7.5hz,c23-h),0.94(3h,d,c24-h),1.23(1h,m,c11-h),(1.42-1.88,2.36)(2h×6,c8-h,c10-h,c18-h,c19-h,c20-h,c22-h),2.26(h,m,c7-h).2.41(h,d,j=5.0hz,c2-h),2.92(1h,m,c12-h),3.04(1h,c16-h),3.08(1h,d,j=5.0hz,c2-h),3.23(1h,m,c3-h),3.50(1h,m,c4-h),4.03(1h,m,c17-h),4.46(1h,m,c9-h),4.65(1h,s,c21-h),5.81and5.87(2h,dd,j=15.2hz,j=9.8hz,c5-h,c6-h),6.88(1h,s,c13-h);13cnmr(100mhz,cdcl3)δ:13.0,18.4,9.6,18.6,19.5,28.1,31.3,34.8,36.8,40.1,40.8,41.2,41.7,47.2,47.8,48.9,49.7,72.5,74.7,75.9,129.3,129.6,143.6,147.8,172.7,203.6;ir(kbr)ν:3303.6(s),2994.2(m),2914.1(m),2856.7(m),1896.1(w),1640(s),1594.4(s),1563.5(s),1515.5(s),1403.8(m),1374.3(m),1308.5(m),1291.0(m),1237.8(m),1205.8(m),1108.2(m)cm-1;ms(esi)calforc33h55o5si[m+h]+559.38133,found[m+h]+559.38164.

实施例4

在50ml单口瓶中加入0.91g(4.09mmol)3-乙氧基-2,4-二甲氧基鼠李糖、5ml丙酮、0.87g(4.19mmol)2,2,2-三氟-n-苯基亚氨代乙酰氯和1.14g(8.26mmol)碳酸钾,常温反应18h。减压蒸馏除去溶剂,粗产品进行硅胶色谱分离(乙酸乙酯:石油醚=4:1,rf=0.51),得到1.35g无色油状液体4,产率87%。1hnmr(400mhz,cdcl3)δ:1.31(m,3h,ch3),1.35(m,3h,ch3),3.15(m,1h,ch),3.22(m,1h,ch),3.50(s,3h,ch3),3.59(s,3h,ch3),3.61(m,2h,ch2),3.69(m,1h,ch),3.75(m,1h,ch),5.25(s,1h,ch);6.88(m,1h,ch),7.14(s,1h,ch),7.33(m,1h,ch),7.44(s,1h,ch);7.59(s,1h,ch);13cnmr(100mhz,cdcl3)δ:15.6,17.8,59.2,61.1,67.8,70.7,79.7,82.0,96.2,117.3,119.5,120.4,125.4,129.2,129.4,133.9,143.6;ir(kbr)ν:2978.9(m),2932.9(m),2833.3(m),1715.0(s),1598.5(m),1553.1(m),1489.3(m),1450.9(m),1340.5(m),1286.3(s),1208.6(s),1161.4(s),1122.2(s),1102.3(s),1043.9(m)cm-1;ms(esi)calforc18h34f3no5[m+na]+414.14988,found[m+na]+414.15034.

实施例5

在50ml单口瓶中依次加入0.16g(0.29mmol)化合物3、0.12g(0.31mmol)化合物4和5ml二氯甲烷,-78℃下加入0.05ml三氟甲基磺酸三甲基硅酯,混合液反应1h。食盐水淬灭反应,二氯甲烷萃取产物,无水硫酸镁干燥有机相,减压蒸馏除去溶剂。粗品进行硅胶色谱分离(乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:4,rf=0.60),得0.14g化合物5,产率76%。1hnmr(400mhz,cdcl3)δ:0.83(3h,t,j=7.5hz,c23-h),0.92(1h,m,c11-h),1.23(3h,dj=6.4hz,c24-h),(1.37-1.93,2.27)(2h×6,c8-h,c10-h,c18-h,c19-h,c20-h,c22-h),2.40and3.10(2h,m,c2-h),2.17(h,m,c7-h),2.88(2h,m,c12-h),3.03(1h,c16-oh),3.22(h,mc12-h),3.45(h,m,c4-h),4.06(h,c17-h),4.32(1h,mc9-h),4.67(1h,mc21-h),5.84and5.86(2h,dd,j=22.8hz,c5-h,c6-h),6.85(1h,c13-h);1.28(3h,d,j=6.5hz,c6’-h),1.30(2h,o-ch2),3.14(1h,t,c4’-h),3.47(1h,t,c3’-h),3.50(3h,s,c2’-och3),3.50(3h,s,c5’-o-c-ch3),3.73(1h,t,c2’-h),3.70(1h,c5’-h),3.57(3h,s,c4’-och3),4.85(1h,s,c1’-h),1.09(18h,3h),1.25(3h,ch);13cnmr(100mhz,cdcl3)δ:9.6,13.0,15.9,17.9,18.4,18.6,19.5,28.1,31.4,34.9,36.5,36.8,37.7,41.2,41.6,46.6,47.8,48.4,49.6,59.4,61.2,66.7,68.1,74.7,76.0,77.4,78.4,82.2,82.3,95.8,129.3,129.6,143.6,147.8,172.7,203.6;ir(kbr)ν:2967.7(s),2939.7(s),2867.8(s),1723.5(s),1661.7(s),1459.4(m),1379.5(m),1289.6(w),1258(w),1215.0(w),1118.9(s),1056.1(s),1030.8(s)cm-1;ms(esi)calforc43h72o9si[m+na]+783.48378,found[m+na]+783.48396.

实施例6

在50ml单口瓶中加入0.21g(0.28mmol)化合物5、15ml乙腈和2.5ml40%氢氟酸,0℃下搅拌反应12h。离子水稀释,碳酸氢钠中和,旋蒸乙腈,乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相干燥,减压旋蒸。粗品进行硅胶色谱分离(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=1:1,rf=0.630),得到0.12g化合物6,产率74%。1hnmr(400mhz,cdcl3)δ:0.82(t,3h,c23-h),0.92(m,1h,c11-h),1.23(d,3h,j=6.4hz,c24-h),1.37-2.27(m,12h,c8-h,c10-h,c18-h,c19-h,c20-h,c22-h),2.41and3.12(m,2h,c2-h),2.17(m,h,c7-h),2.88(m,2h,c12-h),3.03(m,1h,c16-h),3.21(m,h,c12-h),3.46(m,h,c4-h),3.62(m,h,c17-h),4.32(m1h,c9-h),4.69(m,1h,c21-h),5.81and5.87(m,2h,c5-h,c6-h),6.78(m,1h,c13-h);1.28(d,3h,j=6.5hz,c6’-h),1.31(m,2h,c4’-o-ch2-),3.14(t,1h,c4’-h),3.48(t,1h,c3’-h),3.50(s,3h,c2’-och3),3.50(s,3h,c5’-o-c-ch3),3.73(t,1h,c2’-h),3.69(m,1h,c5’-h),3.57(s,3h,c4’-occh3),4.83(s,1h,c1’-h);13cnmr(100mhz,cdcl3)δ:9.5,15.9,18.0,18.6,21.7,28.5,30.2,34.2,35.0,36.4,37.5,41.3,41.6,461,47.7,48.2,49.6,59.4,61.2,66.7,68.2,72.8,76.2,77.1,78.6,79.8,82.3,95.9,128.9,129.5,144.5,147.6,172.8,202.9;ir(kbr)ν:3348.1(m),2969.7(s),2931.0(s),1720.6(s),1659.9(s),1608.2(w),1457.4(m),1373.4(m),1251.4(m),1115.9(s),1036.7(m)cm-1;ms(esi)calforc34h52o9[m+na]+627.35035,found[m+na]+627.35058.

实施例7

将0.12g(0.19mmol)化合物6溶于2mlch2cl2,搅拌,加入适量分子筛和0.09g(0.30mmol)化合物7,再加入0.05ml三氟化硼乙醚,混合液在温室下搅拌18h。除去分子筛,反应液用5mlch2cl2稀释,然后用碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤,有机相干燥,减压蒸馏除去溶剂。粗品进行硅胶色谱分离(二氯甲烷:甲醇=5:1,rf=0.56),得到0.10g化合物8,产率69%。;1hnmr(400mhz,cdcl3)δ:6.70(s,1h,c13-h),5.82(m,1h,c6-h),5.74(m,1h,c5-h),4.78(s,1h,c1’-h),4.60(m,1h,c21-h),4.35(d,j=3.8hz,1h,c1”-h),4.24(m,1h,c9-h),3.56(m,1h,c2’-h),3.48-3.38(m,13h,c17-h,c5’-h,c4-h,c4’-och3,c2’-och3,c3’-och2-,c3’-h,c5”-h),3.22(m,1h,c16-h),3.08-3.02(m,2h,oneofc2-h,c3-h),2.94(m,1h,c4’-h),2.80(m,1h,c12-h),2.34(m,1h,oneofc2-h),2.21-2.09(m,10h,c10-h,c7-h,c4”-h,n(ch3)2),1.91-1.66(m,5h,oneofc8-h,oneofc2”-h,oneofc3”-h,oneofc8-h,oneofc19-h),1.47-1.28(m,10h,c18-h,oneofc20-h,c22-h,oneofc2”-h,oneofc3”-h,c3’-oc-ch3),1.21-1.17(m,11h,oneofc19-h,oneofc20-h,c6’-h,c16-ch3),0.85(m,1h,c11-h),0.75(t,j=7.2hz,3h,c23-h);13cnmr(101mhz,cdcl3)δ202.76,172.43,147.40,144.11,129.26,128.77,103.40,95.43,82.22,81.05,80.53,77.67,76.61,76.03,73.61,67.88,64.84,60.84,60.26,58.94,57.63,49.38,47.62,47.57,46.00,41.47,41.12,40.65,37.34,36.25,34.27,30.92,30.06,28.36,21.59,20.95,18.90,18.33,17.75,16.08,14.15,9.30;ms(maldi)calforc42h67no10[m+na]+768.465718,found[m+na]+768.465844.

实施例9

将0.09g(0.35mmol)化合物8溶于10ml乙酸乙酯,然后加入0.0186g(0.0175mmol)10%pd/c。搅拌下通入氢气48h。反应结束后,过滤。滤液真空浓缩。粗品进行硅胶色谱分离(二氯甲烷:甲醇=8:1,rf=0.32),得到0.08g白色固体,即为乙基多杀菌素,产率91%。1hnmr(400mhz,cdcl3)δ:6.86(s,1h,c13-h),4.84(s,1h,c1’-h),4.65(m,1h,c21-h),4.45(m,1h,c9-h),4.21(m,1h,c2’-h),3.91(m,2h,c6-h),3.73(m,1h,c17-h),3.65(m,1h,c5”-h),3.62(m,2h,c5-h),3.54(m,1h,c5’-h),3.52(m,1h,c4-h),3.52(s,3h,c4’-och3),3.50(s,3h,c2’-och3),3.40(s,3h,c3’-ch2),3.44(m,1h,c3’-h),3.28(m,1h,c16-h),3.16(dd,j=14.5,5.0hz,1h,oneofc2-h),3.09(m,1h,c3-h),2.96(m,1h,c12-h),2.81(m,1h,c4’-h),2.58(dd,j=16.3,3.2hz,1h,oneofc2-h),2.39(m,2h,c10-h),2.35(m,1h,c7-h),2.26(s,6h,c4”-n(ch3)2),1.95(m,1h,oneofc8-h),1.87(m,2h,c2”-h),1.81(m,2h,c3”-h),1.46-1.55(m,8h,oneofc8-h,c18-h,oneofc19-h,c20-h,c22-h),1.35(m,2h,oneofc10-h,c19-h),1.27(m,3h,c6’-ch3),1.25(dd,j=6.8hz,3h,c16-ch3),1.16(t,3h,c3’-c-och3),1.03(m,1h,c11-h),0.82(t,j=7.5hz3h,c23-h);13cnmr(101mhz,cdcl3)δ203.28,172.48,149.45,145.07,103.22,95.73,82.11,80.28,79.56,78.48,75.72,75.55,73.35,68.14,67.83,65.44,64.80,60.84,59.09,49.98,47.79,46.44,43.15,40.92,40.52,39.47,38.68,37.94,34.21,32.94,30.76,29.91,28.35,26.94,24.43,21.83,18.89,18.69,17.73,15.92,15.64,9.25.ms(maldi)calforc34h54o9[m+na]+770.481368,found[m+na]+770.481264。

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