新型碳苷糖基转移酶及其应用

文档序号:25949757发布日期:2021-07-20 17:05阅读:128来源:国知局
新型碳苷糖基转移酶及其应用
本发明属于合成生物学领域,更具体地,本发明涉及新型碳苷糖基转移酶及其应用。
背景技术
:黄酮化合物是以c6-c3-c6为结构母核的一类多酚羟基类化合物,根据母核结构及官能基取代的不同,可以分为黄酮、黄酮醇、黄烷酮、花青素、查尔酮等。黄酮类化合物在于植物体内常以糖苷的形式存在,这样的糖基化修饰主要由尿苷二磷酸(udp)-糖基转移酶(ugt)催化发生。糖基与苷元母核直接以c-c键的方式连接的黄酮苷类化合物被称为黄酮碳苷。黄酮碳苷(类)化合物具有多种多样的药理活性,根据报道,黄酮碳苷(类)化合物具有显著的抗氧化作用,可以显著性抑制外源性以及内源性自由基;同时,其具有一定程度抑制细菌病毒的作用;黄酮碳苷(类)化合物可以显著性地降低血液中总胆固醇的含量,具有治疗心脑血管疾病的药物活性;同时黄酮碳苷(类)化合物具有显著性抗辐射以及神经保护的作用;有调查表明黄酮碳苷(类)化合物具有相关抗代谢疾病的作用,对于糖尿病、肥胖等疾病均具有一定的治疗效果。但是,黄酮碳苷(类)化合物相对于氧苷类化合物而言是更为稀有的,迄今为止从自然界中分离到的黄酮碳苷仅有几十种。并且,本领域中目前基本上只能通过从自然界分离黄酮碳苷(类)化合物,大规模低成本的生物合成或人工合成等方面的生产工艺均需要进一步研究和开发。技术实现要素:本发明的目的在于提供新型碳苷糖基转移酶及其应用。在本发明的第一方面,提供一种催化二氢查尔酮(类)化合物或2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物生成碳苷二氢查尔酮(类)化合物或碳苷-2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物的方法,包括:以糖基转移酶进行所述催化;所述的糖基转移酶为选自seqidno:1~20任一所述的多肽或其保守性序列变体。在一个优选例中,所述二氢查尔酮(类)化合物具有式(i)的母核结构,所述2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物(较佳地为开环形式)具有式(ii)的母核结构,所述碳苷二氢查尔酮(类)化合物具有式(iii)的母核结构,或所述碳苷-2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物(较佳地为开环形式)具有式(iv)的母核结构:其中,r为糖基,其与a环以碳碳键连接。在另一优选例中,a环或b环中,存在1~3个羟基;较佳地,a环中,羟基存在于第2’、4’和/或6’位;较佳地,b环中,羟基出现在第4位。在另一优选例中,r在a环上的数量为1个,较佳地其存在于第3’位。在另一优选例中,r在a环上的数量为2个,较佳地其存在于第3’和5’位;且,所述的糖基转移酶为选自seqidno:6,8,10,17,19或20所述的多肽或其保守性序列变体。在另一优选例中,所述的二氢查尔酮(类)化合物或2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物(较佳地为开环形式)包括(但不限于):根皮素,2-羟基柚皮素(较佳地为开环形式),2-羟基柚皮素(较佳地为开环形式),2-羟基圣草酚。在另一优选例中,所述的碳苷二氢查尔酮(类)化合物或碳苷-2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物包括(但不限于):nothofagin,根皮素-3’,5’-c-葡萄糖双碳苷,2-羟基柚皮素-6-c(8-c)-葡萄糖苷,2-羟基圣草酚-6-c(8-c)-葡萄糖苷。在另一优选例中,所述的保守性变异多肽选自:(1)由seqidno:1~20任一所示序列的多肽经过一个或多个(如1-20个,较佳地1-10个;更佳地1-5个;更佳地1-3个)氨基酸残基的取代、缺失或添加而形成的,且具有催化二氢查尔酮(类)化合物或2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物生成碳苷二氢查尔酮(类)化合物或碳苷-2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物功能的多肽;(2)氨基酸序列与seqidno:1~20任一所示序列的多肽有80%以上(较佳地85%以上;更佳地90%以上;更佳地95%以上;更佳地99%以上)相同性,且具有催化二氢查尔酮(类)化合物或-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物生成碳苷二氢查尔酮(类)化合物或碳苷-2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物功能的多肽;或(3)在seqidno:1~20任一所示序列的多肽的n或c末端添加标签序列,或在其n末端添加信号肽序列后形成的多肽。在本发明的另一方面,提供糖基转移酶的用途,用于催化二氢查尔酮(类)化合物或2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物生成碳苷二氢查尔酮(类)化合物或碳苷-2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物;其中,所述的糖基转移酶为选自seqidno:1~20任一所示的多肽或其保守性变异多肽。在一个优选例中,所述的二氢查尔酮(类)化合物具有式(i)的母核结构,所述2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物(较佳地为开环形式)具有式(ii)的母核结构,所述碳苷二氢查尔酮(类)化合物具有式(iii)的母核结构,或所述碳苷-2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物(较佳地为开环形式)具有式(iv)的母核结构:其中,r为糖基,其与a环以碳碳键连接。在另一优选例中,a环或b环中,存在1~3个羟基;较佳地,a环中,羟基存在于第2’、4’和/或6’位;较佳地,b环中,羟基出现在第4位。在另一优选例中,r在a环上的数量为1个,较佳地其存在于3’位置。在另一优选例中,r在a环上的数量为2个,较佳地其存在于第3’和5’位;且,所述的糖基转移酶为选自seqidno:6,8,10,17,19或20所示的多肽或其保守性变异多肽。在另一优选例中,r为单糖基。在另一优选例中,所述的糖基为葡萄糖;较佳地,在利用所述糖基转移酶进行糖基转移时,以携带葡萄糖基团的化合物作为供体;更佳地,以udp葡萄糖作为糖基供体。在另一优选例中,所述二氢查尔酮(类)化合物或2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物包括(但不限于):根皮素,2-羟基柚皮素(较佳地为开环形式),2-羟基圣草酚(较佳地为开环形式)。在另一优选例中,所述碳苷二氢查尔酮(类)化合物或碳苷-2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物包括(但不限于):nothofagin,根皮素-3’,5’-c-葡萄糖碳苷,2-羟基柚皮素-6-c(8-c)-葡萄糖苷,2-羟基圣草酚-6-c(8-c)-葡萄糖苷。在本发明的另一方面,提供一种合成(包括人工合成或体外合成)黄酮碳苷(类)化合物的方法,包括:(1)将2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物以糖基转移酶催化,产生碳苷-2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物;其中,所述的糖基转移酶为选自seqidno:1~20任一所述的多肽或其保守性序列变体;(2)将(1)的碳苷-2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物脱水,获得黄酮碳苷(类)化合物。在一个优选例中,在(1)之前,还包括:(c)将黄烷酮(类)化合物通过黄烷酮-2-羟化酶(f2h)催化,获得2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物。在另一优选例中,在(c)之前,还包括:(b)将丙二酰-coa结构类似物(如包括其经1或多基团的取代形式)与p-香豆酰-coa结构类似物(如包括其经1或多基团的取代形式)经查尔酮合成酶(chs)和查尔酮异构酶(chi)催化,获得黄烷酮(类)化合物。在另一优选例中,在(b)之前,还包括:(a)将芳香族氨基酸经酪氨酸解氨酶(tal)或苯丙氨酸解氨酶(pal)和4-香豆酰-coa连接酶(4cl)催化,获得p-香豆酰-coa结构类似物。在另一优选例中,所述的黄烷酮(类)化合物包括:柚皮素,圣草酚;所述的丙二酰-coa结构类似物包括:丙二酰-coa或甲基丙二酰-coa;所述的p-香豆酰-coa结构类似物包括:p-香豆酰-coa或p-肉桂酰-coa;所述的芳香族氨基酸包括:l-酪氨酸或l-苯丙氨酸。在另一优选例中,所述的2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物为2-羟基柚皮素,其是从柚皮素通过黄烷酮-2-羟化酶(f2h)催化获得;或所述2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物为2-羟基圣草酚,其是从圣草酚通过黄烷酮-2-羟化酶(f2h)催化获得;较佳地,所述圣草酚是从柚皮素通过黄烷酮-3’-羟化酶(f3’h)催化获得。在本发明的另一方面,提供一种生物合成黄酮碳苷(类)化合物的方法,包括:(i)将合成柚皮素(类)化合物的前体基因、编码黄烷酮-2-羟化酶和/或黄烷酮-3’-羟化酶的基因以及编码糖基转移酶的基因共转入宿主细胞中;其中,所述的糖基转移酶为选自seqidno:1~20任一所述的多肽或其保守性序列变体;(ii)培养(i)的细胞,从而生物合成黄酮碳苷(类)化合物。在一个优选例中,所述的黄烷酮-2-羟化酶和黄烷酮-3’-羟化酶为截去n端跨膜区域的p450氧化酶;较佳地,在截去n端跨膜区域后,还包括添加标签;更佳地,所述标签包括(但不限于):2b1,17α,mbp。在本发明的另一方面,提供一种遗传工程化的细胞,其中包括:合成柚皮素化合物的前体基因、编码黄烷酮-2-羟化酶和/或黄烷酮-3’-羟化酶的基因以及编码糖基转移酶的基因;其中,所述的糖基转移酶为选自seqidno:1~20任一所述的多肽或其保守性序列变体。在本发明的另一方面,提供制备所述的遗传工程化的细胞的方法,包括:将合成柚皮素化合物的前体基因、编码黄烷酮-2-羟化酶和/或黄烷酮-3’-羟化酶的基因以及编码糖基转移酶的基因共转入宿主细胞中;其中,所述的糖基转移酶为选自seqidno:1~20任一所述的多肽或其保守性序列变体。在本发明的另一方面,提供一种用于生物合成黄酮碳苷(类)化合物或其中间体的试剂盒,其中包括:seqidno:1~20所示的一条或多条(如2、3、4条)多肽或其保守性变异多肽;黄烷酮-2-羟化酶和/或黄烷酮-3’-羟化酶;合成柚皮素(类)化合物的前体基因;较佳地还包括宿主细胞。在另一优选例中,所述的细胞包括:原核细胞或真核细胞;较佳地,所述原核宿主细胞包括大肠杆菌,酵母,链霉菌。在另一优选例中,所述的黄酮碳苷(类)化合物包括(但不限于):牡荆素,异牡荆素,荭草苷,异荭草苷,维采宁-2(新西兰牡荆素,vicenin-2),光牡荆素(lucenin2)。本发明的其它方面由于本文的公开内容,对本领域的技术人员而言是显而易见的。附图说明图1、应用hplc进行碳苷糖基转移酶的体外功能鉴定;(a)以根皮素为底物;(b)以2-羟基柚皮素为底物。图2、nothofagin的负离子模式高分辨二级质谱图谱。图3、nothofagin的(a)1h,(b)13c和(c)二维hmbc核磁图谱。图4、2-羟基柚皮素-c-葡萄糖苷的二级质谱图谱。图5、phcgt1和pgcgt1对底物2-羟基柚皮素的米氏方程曲线。图6、二氢查尔酮双碳苷(根皮素-3’,5’-c-双葡萄糖苷)的负离子模式高分辨质谱检测结果图。图7、(a)pyh055合成柚皮素基因表达盒示意图;(b)pcz201、pcz203和pcz229携带p450/cpr表达盒示意图。图8、pcz261、pcz265携带双元p450/cpr表达盒示意图。图9、牡荆素、异牡荆素生产菌株scz2、scz4和scz29发酵液的lc-ms分析结果。图10、荭草苷、异荭草苷生产菌株scz63和scz67发酵液的lc-ms分析结果。图11、黄酮-单葡萄糖碳苷的预期的生物合成途径。图12、维采宁-2(芹菜素-6,8-双葡萄糖苷)的预测的生物合成途径。图13、hplc、lc-ms检测维采宁-2生产菌株发酵产物的成分具体实施方式本发明人经过深入的研究,筛选出一组新型的尿苷二磷酸(udp)-糖基转移酶,其是碳苷糖基转移酶。所述的糖基转移酶能够特异和高效地催化二氢查尔酮(类)化合物或2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物的碳苷葡萄糖基化,从而产生一类碳苷二氢查尔酮(类)化合物或碳苷-2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物;碳苷-2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物通过进一步的脱水反应形成黄酮碳苷(类)化合物。本发明还涉及将这些新型udp糖基转移酶应用于人工构建的重组表达系统,通过发酵工程生产碳苷二氢查尔酮(类)化合物或黄酮碳苷(类)化合物。活性多肽、其编码基因、载体及宿主本发明人通过挖掘基因组以及转录组信息,结合大量的研究和实验工作,揭示了一组新的尿苷二磷酸(udp)-糖基转移酶,其是碳苷糖基转移酶(c-glycosyltransferase,cgt)。较佳地,该组碳苷糖基转移酶来源于单子叶禾本科植物;更佳地,包括来自于毛竹(phyllostachysedulis(或称phyllostachysheterocycla);ph)、淡竹(phyllostachysglauca;pg)、高节竹(phyllostachysprominens;pp)、粳稻(oryzasativajaponica;os)、玉米(zeamays;zm)、小麦(triticumaestivum;ta)、高粱(sorghumbicolor;sb)、二穗短柄草(brachypodiumdistachyon;bd)、谷子(setariaitalica;si)。作为本发明的优选方式,所述碳苷糖基转移酶包括选自下组的糖基转移酶:phcgt1(seqidno:1)、pgcgt1(seqidno:2)、ppcgt1(seqidno:3)、phcgt2(seqidno:4)、oscgt2(seqidno:5)、sbcgt1(seqidno:6)、sbcgt2(seqidno:7)、tacgt1-a(seqidno:8)、tacgt1-b(seqidno:9)、tacgt1-d(seqidno:10)、tacgt2-a(seqidno:11)、tacgt2-b(seqidno:12)、tacgt2-d(seqidno:13)、zmcgt4(seqidno:14)、zmcgt5(seqidno:15)、bdcgt1(seqidno:16)、sicgt1(seqidno:17)、sicgt2(seqidno:18)、oscgt(seqidno:19)、zmcgt(seqidno:20)。本发明也包括所述碳苷糖基转移酶的保守性变异多肽,本发明也包括所述黄烷酮-2-羟化酶、查尔酮合成酶、查尔酮异构酶、酪氨酸解氨酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶、4-香豆酰-coa连接酶等的保守性变异多肽。本发明中,所述的“保守性变异多肽”是指基本上保持所述多肽相同的生物学功能或活性的多肽。所述的“保守性变异多肽”可以是(i)有一个或多个保守或非保守性氨基酸残基(优选保守性氨基酸残基)被取代的多肽,而这样的取代的氨基酸残基可以是也可以不是由遗传密码编码的,或(ii)在一个或多个氨基酸残基中具有取代基团的多肽,或(iii)成熟多肽与另一个化合物(比如延长多肽半衰期的化合物,例如聚乙二醇)融合所形成的多肽,或(iv)附加的氨基酸序列融合到此多肽序列而形成的多肽(如前导序列或分泌序列或用来纯化此多肽的序列或蛋白原序列,或与抗原igg片段的形成的融合蛋白)。根据本文的教导,这些片段、衍生物和类似物属于本领域熟练技术人员公知的范围。所述的“保守性变异多肽”可以包括(但并不限于):一个或多个(通常为1-50个,较佳地1-30个,更佳地1-20个,最佳地1-10个)氨基酸的缺失、插入和/或取代,以及在c末端和/或n末端添加或缺失一个或数个(如50个以内,较20个或10个以内,更佳地为5个以内)氨基酸。例如,在本领域中,用性能相近或相似的氨基酸进行取代时,通常不会改变蛋白质的功能。又比如,在c末端和/或n末端添加一个或数个氨基酸通常也不会改变蛋白质的功能。本发明还提供所述多肽的类似物。这些类似物与天然多肽的差别可以是氨基酸序列上的差异,也可以是不影响序列的修饰形式上的差异,或者兼而有之。这些多肽包括天然或诱导的遗传变异体。诱导变异体可以通过各种技术得到,如通过辐射或暴露于诱变剂而产生随机诱变,还可通过定点诱变法或其他已知分子生物学的技术。类似物还包括具有不同于天然l-氨基酸的残基(如d-氨基酸)的类似物,以及具有非天然存在的或合成的氨基酸(如β、γ-氨基酸)的类似物。应理解,本发明的多肽并不限于上述例举的代表性的多肽。作为本发明的优选方式,本发明涉及到的p450氧化酶(黄烷酮-2-羟化酶和黄烷酮-3’-羟化酶)是去除了n端的跨膜区的多肽片段,可使得截短后蛋白的可溶性表达增加,当被应用于生物合成途径中时,发挥更好的活性。本发明的碳苷糖基转移酶的氨基端或羧基端还可含有一个或多个多肽片段,作为蛋白标签。例如,所述的标签可以是flag、ha、ha1、c-myc、poly-his、poly-arg、strep-tagii、au1、ee、t7、4a6、ε、b、ge、以及ty1。又例如,所述的标签可以包括2b,17α,mbp等。当出于生产本发明的碳苷糖基转移酶的目的时,为了使翻译的蛋白分泌表达(如分泌到细胞外),还可在本发明的多肽的氨基端添加上信号肽序列。信号肽在多肽从细胞内分泌出来的过程中可被切去。本发明的活性多肽可以是重组多肽、天然多肽、合成多肽。本发明的多肽可以是天然纯化的产物,或是化学合成的产物,或使用重组技术从原核或真核宿主(例如,细菌、酵母、高等植物)中产生。根据重组生产方案所用的宿主,本发明的多肽可以是糖基化的,或可以是非糖基化的。本发明的多肽还可包括或不包括起始的甲硫氨酸残基。编码本发明的碳苷糖基转移酶的多核苷酸可以是dna形式或rna形式。dna形式包括cdna、基因组dna或人工合成的dna。dna可以是单链的或是双链的。dna可以是编码链或非编码链。术语“编码多肽的多核苷酸”可以是包括编码此多肽的多核苷酸,也可以是还包括附加编码和/或非编码序列的多核苷酸。本发明也涉及包含本发明的多核苷酸的载体,以及用本发明的载体或多肽编码序列经基因工程产生的宿主细胞,以及经重组技术产生本发明所述多肽的方法。通过常规的重组dna技术,可表达或生产重组的多肽。一般来说有以下步骤:(1).用编码所述多肽(含其保守性变异多肽)的多核苷酸,或用含有该多核苷酸的重组表达载体转化或转导合适的宿主细胞;(2).在合适的培养基中培养的宿主细胞;(3).从培养基或细胞中分离、纯化蛋白质。本发明中,编码所述多肽的多核苷酸序列可插入到重组表达载体中。术语“重组表达载体”指本领域熟知的细菌质粒、噬菌体、酵母质粒、植物细胞病毒、哺乳动物细胞病毒如腺病毒、逆转录病毒或其他载体。只要能在宿主体内复制和稳定,任何质粒和载体都可以用。表达载体的一个重要特征是通常含有复制起点、启动子、标记基因和翻译控制元件。较佳地,所述表达载体可以是原核表达载体。本领域的技术人员熟知的方法能用于构建含本发明的碳苷糖基转移酶的多核苷酸和合适的转录/翻译控制信号的表达载体。这些方法包括体外重组dna技术、dna合成技术、体内重组技术等。所述的dna序列可有效连接到表达载体中的适当启动子上,以指导mrna合成。此外,表达载体优选地包含一个或多个选择性标记基因,以提供用于选择转化的宿主细胞的表型性状。包含上述的适当dna序列以及适当启动子或者控制序列的载体,可以用于转化适当的宿主细胞,以使其能够表达蛋白质。宿主细胞可以是原核细胞,如细菌细胞;或是低等真核细胞,如酵母细胞;或是高等真核细胞,如哺乳动物细胞。代表性例子有:大肠杆菌,链霉菌属,枯草杆菌;鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的细菌细胞;真菌细胞如酵母,植物细胞,灵芝细胞;果蝇s2或sf9的昆虫细胞;cho、cos、293细胞、或bowes黑素瘤细胞的动物细胞等。本发明也提供了用于生物合成黄酮碳苷(类)化合物或其中间体的宿主细胞,其中包括:合成柚皮素化合物的前体基因、编码黄烷酮-2-羟化酶和/或黄烷酮-3’-羟化酶的基因以及本发明所述的编码糖基转移酶的基因。在本发明的优选方式中,所述的宿主细胞为原核细胞,更佳地为大肠杆菌,酵母,链霉菌。但是应理解,细胞宿主仅是一种生产工具,本领域技术人员可以通过一些技术手段对大肠杆菌以外的其他宿主细胞进行改造,从而也实现如本发明的生物合成,由此构成的宿主细胞以及生产方法也应包含在本发明中。应用及生产工艺本发明的碳苷糖基转移酶或它们的保守性变异多肽,可应用于特异和高效地催化二氢查尔酮(类)化合物或2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物的碳苷葡萄糖基化,从而产生一类碳苷二氢查尔酮(类)化合物或碳苷-2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物;碳苷-2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物通过进一步的脱水反应形成黄酮碳苷(类)化合物。因此,本发明提供了糖基转移酶的用途,用于催化二氢查尔酮(类)化合物或2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物生成碳苷二氢查尔酮(类)化合物或碳苷-2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物;其中,所述的糖基转移酶为选自seqidno:1~20任一所示的多肽或其保守性变异多肽。如本发明所用,所述的二氢查尔酮(类)化合物包括二氢查尔酮或其衍生物、结构类似物、异构体。所述的2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物包括2-羟基黄烷酮或其衍生物、结构类似物、异构体。所述的碳苷二氢查尔酮(类)化合物包括碳苷二氢查尔酮或其衍生物、结构类似物、异构体。所述碳苷-2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物包括碳苷-2-羟基黄烷酮或其衍生物、结构类似物、异构体。所述黄酮碳苷(类)化合物包括黄酮碳苷或其衍生物、结构类似物、异构体。在本发明的优选方式中,所述的二氢查尔酮具有式(i)的母核结构、2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物(开环形式)具有式(ii)的母核结构,所述碳苷二氢查尔酮类化合物具有式(iii)的母核结构,碳苷-2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物(开环形式)具有式(iv)的母核结构:其中,r为糖基,其与a环以碳碳键连接。所述的糖基可以是单糖、二糖或多糖基(如3个或以上(如3~10个,更具体如4、5、6、7、8、10个)单糖串联)。在优选的方式中,所述的糖基为单糖基。在本发明的优选方式中,a环或b环中,存在1~3个羟基;较佳地,a环中,羟基存在于第2’、4’和/或6’位;较佳地,b环中,羟基出现在第4位置。在本发明的优选方式中,r在a环上的数量为1个,较佳地其存在于第3’位;或r在a环上的数量为2个,较佳地其存在于第3’和5’位;且,所述的糖基转移酶为选自seqidno:6,8,10,17,19或20所示的多肽或其保守性变异多肽。在本发明的优选方式中,所述的二氢查尔酮(类)化合物或2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物包括:根皮素,2-羟基柚皮素(开环形式),2-羟基柚皮素(开环形式),2-羟基圣草酚;和/或所述的碳苷二氢查尔酮(类)化合物或碳苷-2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物包括:nothofagin,根皮素-3”,5”-c-葡萄糖碳苷,2-羟基柚皮素-6-c(8-c)-葡萄糖苷,2-羟基圣草酚-6-c(8-c)-葡萄糖苷。此外,它们的类似物或基团被取代的变体形式也应被包含在内。本发明中优选地以udp葡萄糖作为糖基供体,应理解,其它的携带葡萄糖基团的化合物也是可以作为供体的,也应被包含在本发明中。本发明也提供了催化二氢查尔酮(类)化合物或2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物生成碳苷二氢查尔酮(类)化合物或碳苷-2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物的方法,包括:以糖基转移酶进行所述催化;所述的糖基转移酶为选自seqidno:1~20任一所述的多肽或其保守性序列变体。本发明也提供了合成黄酮碳苷(类)化合物的方法,包括:(1)将2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物以糖基转移酶催化,产生碳苷-2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物;其中,所述的糖基转移酶为选自seqidno:1~20任一所述的多肽或其保守性序列变体;(2)将(1)的碳苷-2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物脱水,获得黄酮碳苷(类)化合物。较佳地,在(1)之前还包括:(c)将黄酮类化合物通过黄烷酮-2-羟化酶(f2h)催化,获得2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物。更佳地,在(c)之前,还包括:(b)将丙二酰-coa类化合物(如包括其经1或多基团的取代形式)与p-香豆酰-coa类化合物(如包括其经1或多基团的取代形式)经查尔酮合成酶(chs)和查尔酮异构酶(chi)催化,获得黄酮类化合物。进一步更佳地,在(b)之前还包括:(a)将l-酪氨酸类化合物(如包括其经1或多基团的取代形式)经酪氨酸解氨酶(tal)和4-香豆酰-辅酶a连接酶(4cl)催化,获得p-香豆酰-coa类化合物。在本发明的优选方式中,所述的黄酮类化合物包括:柚皮素,圣草酚;所述的丙二酰-coa类化合物包括:丙二酰-coa,甲基丙二酰-coa;所述的p-香豆酰-coa类化合物包括:p-香豆酰-coa,p-肉桂酰-coa;所述的l-酪氨酸类化合物包括:l-酪氨酸,l-苯丙氨酸。应理解,根据本发明的整体描述,它们的类似物或变异形式也可应用于本发明中。在本发明的优选方式中,所述的2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物为2-羟基柚皮素,其是从柚皮素通过黄烷酮-2-羟化酶(f2h)催化获得;或所述2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物为2-羟基圣草酚,其是从圣草酚通过黄烷酮-2-羟化酶(f2h)催化获得;较佳地,所述圣草酚是从柚皮素通过黄烷酮-3’-羟化酶(f3’h)催化获得。应理解,根据本发明的整体描述,它们的类似物或变异形式也可应用于本发明中。本发明也提供了生物合成黄酮碳苷(类)化合物的方法,包括:(i)将合成柚皮素类化合物的前体基因、编码黄烷酮-2-羟化酶和/或黄烷酮-3’-羟化酶的基因以及编码糖基转移酶的基因共转入宿主细胞中;其中,所述的糖基转移酶为选自seqidno:1~20任一所述的多肽或其保守性序列变体;(ii)培养(i)的细胞,从而生物合成黄酮碳苷(类)化合物。在本发明的具体实施例中,这些碳苷糖基转移酶的n端或/和c端连接标签得到的融合蛋白及其衍生多肽,能够特异和高效地催化二氢查尔酮(类)化合物或2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物的3’位置进行c-葡萄糖糖基化,其中,phcgt1具有更优于之前所报道类似碳苷糖基转移酶的活性,而sbcgt1、tacgt1-a、tacgt1-d、sicgt1、oscgt和zmcgt不仅可以催化查尔酮类化合物3’位c-糖基化,更可以对3’位已被糖基化的二氢查尔酮(类)化合物或2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物进行进一步5’位c-糖基化,从而产生双碳苷二氢查尔酮(类)化合物或双碳苷-2-羟基黄烷酮。单碳苷或双碳苷-2-羟基黄烷酮(类)化合物可以通过非酶化的脱水缩合反应生成单碳苷或双黄酮碳苷(类)化合物。另一方面本发明通过生物工程技术,将这些新型cgt应用于人工构建的重组大肠杆菌系统,该重组微生物能够生产碳苷二氢查尔酮和黄酮碳苷(类)化合物。相对于传统的植物提取手段,微生物发酵具有速度快、受外界因素影响较小等优势;部分化合物通过微生物合成的产量远高于植物提取,已经成为天然产物获得的一种重要手段。黄酮碳苷(类)化合物天然丰度低,并且在植物提取物中与大量结构类似的黄酮氧苷、苯丙素类化合物共存,使得分离纯化繁琐复杂。本发明中使用微生物发酵的方式来高效、定向得合成黄酮碳苷,极为有效地降低了分离纯化这类化合物的成本。本发明也提供了用于生物合成黄酮碳苷(类)化合物或其中间体的试剂盒,其中包括:seqidno:1~20所示的一条或多条多肽或其保守性变异多肽;黄烷酮-2-羟化酶和/或黄烷酮-3’-羟化酶;合成柚皮素类化合物的前体基因;较佳地还包括宿主细胞。更佳地,所述试剂盒中还包括说明进行生物合成的方法的使用说明书。下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件如j.萨姆布鲁克等编著,分子克隆实验指南,第三版,科学出版社,2002中所述的条件,或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。试剂材料毛竹、淡竹与高节竹采自上海辰山植物园。粳稻、高粱、玉米、小麦、谷子、二穗短柄草种植于中国科学院上海分子植物研究中心温室。植物基因组dna提取使用tiangen植物基因组提取试剂盒。axyprep总rna小量制备试剂盒,多聚酶链式反应(pcr)胶回收试剂盒,质粒抽提试剂盒均为美国axygen产品。聚合酶链式反应(pcr)高保真酶primestarmaxdnapolymerase为日本宝生物公司(takara)产品。限制性内切酶、t4连接酶为neb产品。无缝克隆试剂盒购自诺唯赞生物科技有限公司。大肠杆菌dh10b、rosetta(de3)菌株和pet21a、pet28a载体用于基因克隆及蛋白表达。标准品化合物柚皮素、2-羟基柚皮素、根皮素、荭草苷、异荭草苷、牡荆素、异牡荆素购自大连美仑生物技术有限公司。udp葡萄糖购自北京中泰生物有限公司。其他试剂为国产分析纯或色谱纯试剂,购自国药集团化学试剂有限公司。实施例1、新型尿苷二磷酸(udp)-糖基转移酶1.碳苷糖基转移酶基因克隆和表达质粒构建取禾本科植物(粳稻、玉米、小麦、高粱、谷子、二穗短柄草、毛竹、淡竹、高节竹)成熟叶片或幼苗,清水清洗干净表面污渍,用吸水纸轻轻擦拭干叶片表面水渍,称重备用。基因组dna的提取依照tiangen植物基因组提取试剂盒提供的说明书进行。所述的碳苷糖基转移酶的氨基酸序列如下:>phcgt1(seqidno:1)mptsggrtgdrphvillpsagmghlvpfsrlavalssghgcdvsvvavlptvsaaesrhlqglldaspavrrldlhlapfdesefpgadpfflrfeamrrsapllgplladtgasalvtdialasvvipvakeihlpcyvlftasaamlsfcayfptyldtnagrvvgdvdipgvyripkasipqalhdpnhlftrqfvangqdlakadgvlvntfdaleleavtalrqgsvaagfppvfsvgplvtvnlpageaakesgndymywldaqpaqsvvyvsfgsrkaisrdqvrelaigleasgqpflwvvkstvvdrddsaelsellgegflervqgqgfvtkawveqeevlkhesiglfishcgwnsvteaaasgvpvlawprfgdqrvnagvvargglgvwverwswegeedvvsgeeiaekvkavmadetvrkkaasvgeaavkefadggtsyrsltefvrrcrdlavld*>pgcgt1(seqidno:2)mptsgsrtggrphvillpsagmghlvpfsrlavalssghgcdvsvvavlptvsaaesrhlqglldaspavrrldlhlapfdesefpgadpfflrfeamrrsapllgplladtgasalvtdialasvvipvakeihlpcyvlftasaamlsfcayfptyldtnagrvvgdvdipgvyripkasipqalhdpnhlftrqfvangqdlakadgvlvntfdaleleavtalrqgsvaagfppvfsvgplvtvnlpageaakesgndymywldaqparsvvyvsfgsrkaisrnqvrelavgleasgqrflwvvkstvvdrddsaelselldegflervqgrglvtkawveqeevlkhesiglfishcgwnsvteaaasgvpvlawprfgdqrvnagvvargglgvwverwswegeegvvsgeeiaekvkavmadetvrkkaasvgeaavkefadggtsyrsltefvrrcrdlavld*>ppcgt1(seqidno:3)mptsgsrtggrphvillpsagmghlvpfsrlavalssghgcdvsvvavlptvsaaesrhlqglldaspavrrldlhlapfdesefpgadpfflrfeamrrsapllgplladtgesalvtdialasvvipvakeihlpcyvlftasaamlsfcayfptyldtnagrvvgdvdipgvyripkasipqalhdrnhlftrqfvangqdlakadgvlvntfdaleleavtalrqgsvaagfppvfsvgplvtvnlpageaakesgndymywldaqparsvvyvsfgsrkaisrnqvrelavgleasgqrflwvvkstvvdrddsaelselldegflervqgrglvtkawveqeevlkhesiglfishcgwnsvteaaasgvpvlawprfgdqrvnagvvargglgvwverwswegeegvvsgeeiaekvkavmadetvrkkaasvgeaavkefadggtsyrsltefvrrcrdlavld*>phcgt2(seqidno:4)masrampsssdrtggaprvvllpsagmghlvpfgrlavalssghacdvsvvtvlptvssaeskhlqglfdafpavrrldlhlapfdasefsdadpfyvryeavrrsapllgplladadasalvadialasvvipvakellipcyifftasatmfsllayfptylhsnaghsigdvdvpgvyripmssipqalhdpnnlftqqfvangrslaeadgllvntfdafepeavtalrhgtvapgfppvfalgplspvgfpageaaresgnyttwldaqparsvvyvsfgsrkallrdqlselaagleasgcrflwvvkgtvvdrdddrelrellgevflqrvngralvtkawveqeevlkhpavglfishcgwnsvteatvsgvpvlawprfadqrvsagvvarrglgvwverwswegeervvtgdeiaekvksvladetlrknstmvreaaaaavatggtsyrslakfvrrcst*>oscgt2(seqidno:5)mcsaatpnsgdvratpgssrphvvllpsagmghlvpftrlaaalcsghgcdvslvaavptvssaearhlaahftafpavrrleldlasldvsefagadpfyvryeairrsasllapllaggasaaasalvadialasvvipvakdlrlpcyvfftasatmfsflaylptyldanaggghaigdvdvpgvcrvptssvpqalhdpddiftrqfianarslanadglvvnafdalepeavaalrqgtvaaglppvfavgplspapipakdsgsylpwldaqparsvvyvsfgsrkalprdqlselaagleasghrflwvvkgavvdrddageltdllgeaflqrihgrglvtmawvrqeevlnhpsvglfishcgwnsvteaaasgvpvvawprfadqrvnagvvaragigvwvdtwswegeddgvvsaediagkvrsamadegvrkaaasvreaaaravaaggssyrslaelvrrcrdglvitngm*>sbcgt1(seqidno:6)mappatkslgeldggarphvmfipsagmghllpffrviaalaahdvvdisvvtvlptvsaaeadhfaslfaalprvsrvdfhllpfdassefpghdpfllrwealrrsahlfrpliagaagprvsavvtdvtltshvipiakelgvqchvlfvscatmlslaaytpvhldkknkgehgpgvgvgvgvgdvdipgvrripqsylpqplldlnklftkqfidngreiinadgflvntfdalepvalaalrdgkvvagfppvyaigplrskeeeattgsppvawldeqparsvvyvafgnrnavsleqireiaagleasgcrflwvlktttvdrddtaeltddvlgegflervqgrglvtkawvdqeavlkhasvglflshsgwnsvteaaaagvpllawprggdhrvnatvvvsggvgvwmeqwswdgedwlvtgeeigkkvkevmsdaavraratrtgeeaakavaeggtsyrsmqkfisslkahcsp*>sbcgt2(seqidno:7)mapsampasgdhtgatphvvllpsagmghlvpfarlavalseghgcdvsfaavlptvssaesrhlralfaaapavrrldfrlapfdesqfpgadpfflrfealrrsapllgplldaaqasalvtdivlasvvlpvakargvpcyvlftssaamlslcayfpahldanaaagggrlgvgdvdipgvyripkssvpqalhdpkhlftqqfvangrglvaadgilvntfdafepdaitalrqgsvvsdfppvfavgplqpvrfqvaekpahymrwlsaqparsvvyvsfgsrkaistdql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qhgsvglfvshcgwnsvteaaafgvpvlawprfgdqrinaavvtrgglgaweerwswdgeeglvsgeevgekikavmadetvakkaaavgdaaaaaatskggtsyrslaefvgrcrdagsrqdr*>sicgt2(seqidno:18)mssppppnstsddcqgtaatphivlfpsagmghlvpftrlavalsaghccdvslvtalptvssaeschiaalfaafpavrrldlrlapldassefpgadpfyvryealrrstplllgpllagasasalvadialasvaipvarelrvpcyvfftasatmlsfkayfptyldanggaghsvgdvdvpgvcrvprssipqalhdpddiftrqfvangralvaadgllvnafeamepeavaallggsvvaslppvfavgplmplnlreaaeeqgnyrawldaqpprsvvyvsfgsrkalardqirelaawleacghrflwvvkgavvdrddacelsdllgegfqrrvegrglvtkswveqdevlrhpavglfvshcgwnsvteaaangvpvlawprfadqrvnarvvaragfgvwverwswegeeavvgaeeiaeqvvaamgdqavaekaasvrdeaaravadggtsqqslaefvrrcrgglagpgtdlgrtwtarg*>oscgt(seqidno:19)mpssgdaagrrphvvlipsagmghlvpfgrlavalssghgcdvslvtvlptvstaeskhldalfdafpavrrldfelapfdasefpsadpfflrfeamrrsapllgplltgagasalatdialtsvvipvakeqglpchilftasaamlslcayfptyldanagdgggvgdvdipgvyripkasipqalhdpnhlftrqfvangrsltsaagilvntfdalepeavaalqqgkvasgfppvfavgpllpasnqakdpqanymewldaqparsvvyvsfgsrkaisgeqlrelaagletsghrflwvvkstvvdrddaaelgellgegflkrvekrglvtkawvdqeevlkhesvalfvshcgwnsvteaaasgvpvlalprfgdqrvnsgvvaraglgvwadtwswegeagvigaeeisekvkaamadealrrkaaslakaaakavagggsshrclvefarlcqggtcrtn*>zmcgt(seqidno:20)maanggdhtsarphvvllpsagmghlvpfarlavalseghgcnvsvaavqptvssaesrlldalfvaaapavrrldfrlapfdesefpgadpfflrfeatrrsapllgplldaaeasalvtdivlasvalpvarergvpcyvlftssaamlslcayfpayldahaaagsvgvgvgnvdipgvfripkssvpqalhdpdhlftqqfvangrclvacdgilvntfdafepdavtalrqgsitvsggfppvftvgpmlpvrfqaeetadymrwlsaqpprsvvyvsfgsrkaiprdqlrelaagleasgkrflwvvkstivdrddtadlggllgdgflervqgrafvtmgwveqeeilqhgsvglfishcgwnslteaaafgvpvlawprfgdqrvnaalvarsglgaweegwtwdgeeglttrkevakkikgmmgydavaekaakvgdaaaaaiakcgtsyqsleefvqrcrdaerk*以基因组dna为模板,通过pcr扩增候选糖基转移酶基因:phcgt1(seqidno:1)、pgcgt1(seqidno:2)、ppcgt1(seqidno:3)、phcgt2(seqidno:4)、oscgt2(seqidno:5)、sbcgt1(seqidno:6)、sbcgt2(seqidno:7)、tacgt1-a(seqidno:8)、tacgt1-b(seqidno:9)、tacgt1-d(seqidno:10)、tacgt2-a(seqidno:11)、tacgt2-b(seqidno:12)、tacgt2-d(seqidno:13)、zmcgt4(seqidno:14)、zmcgt5(seqidno:15)、bdcgt1(seqidno:16)、sicgt1(seqidno:17)、sicgt2(seqidno:18)、oscgt(seqidno:19)、zmcgt(seqidno:20)。pcr引物如表1所示。其中,phcgt1、pgcgt1、ppcgt1使用同样引物对(ph708ugt1-f/ph708ugt1-r)扩增;tacgt1-b、tacgt2-b、sicgt1、zmcgt为人工合成并经大肠杆菌密码子优化。表1、克隆糖基转移酶所使用的引物pcr扩增体系25μl(primestarmaxpremix,12.5μl;primer1/primer2终浓度0.2μm;gdna<50ng;剩余体积用灭菌蒸馏水补足)。pcr反应条件:98℃预变性2min,然后98℃变性10s,55℃退火15s,72℃延伸10s,30个循环,72℃延伸10min,琼脂糖电泳检测,扩增得到约1.5kb的片段。纯化后片段使用无缝克隆的方式连入相同ndei/noti消化过的pet28a载体,连接产物转化大肠杆菌dh10b感受态细胞,测序确认序列。2.碳苷糖基转移酶的蛋白表达将重组质粒转化到大肠杆菌bl21(de3)的感受态细胞中,在固体lb培养基(卡那霉素50μg/ml)37℃培养过夜。挑取单个克隆到2mllb液体培养基(卡那霉素50μg/ml),转接过夜培养的菌液到新的lb液体抗性培养基100ml中37℃,250rpm培养至od600=0.5~0.6,水浴降温至16℃左右,然后加入诱导剂iptg至终浓度0.1mm,转至16℃低温诱导培养,在摇床转速180r/min条件下继续培养20h。携带pet28a空质粒的bl21(de3)重组菌株作为空白对照,培养操作同上。离心收菌(6000r/min,5min),使用1ml破菌缓冲液buffera(20mmtris-hcl,ph8.0;100mmnacl)重悬,加入dnase至终浓度为5μg/ml,mg2+终浓度为2mm,蛋白酶抑制剂pmsf终浓度为1mm,冰上孵育30min后超声破碎;冷冻离心(10000rpm,30min,4℃),通过0.2μm滤膜过滤,获得上清粗酶液,加入20%甘油冷冻保存(-20℃)。3.碳苷糖基转移酶的体外功能鉴定体外酶催化测定体系为100μl,反应体系包括:0.1mm的糖基受体(根皮素或2-羟基柚皮素),0.3mm的udp葡萄糖,25μl上清粗酶液,用buffera补足体积到100μl,于37℃反应2h。待反应结束后,加等体积甲醇终止反应,使用hplc进行产物分析。hplc检测条件:色谱柱:反相c18column[silgreenodscolumn(4.6×250mm)],检测波长为280nm;流动相:乙腈(0.1%甲酸)-水(0.1%甲酸)混合物梯度洗脱,在0到20min内比例由5:95升到100:0,流速1ml/min。根据hplc检测结果1(图1a),phcgt1、pgcgt1、ppcgt1、phcgt2、oscgt2、sbcgt1、sbcgt2、tacgt1-a、tacgt1-b、tacgt1-d、tacgt2-a、tacgt2-b、tacgt2-d、zmcgt4、zmcgt5、bdcgt1、sicgt1、sicgt2、oscgt、zmcgt能够将底物根皮素(phloretin)转化为保留时间较小的产物。上述产物经负离子模式高分辨质谱检测确认分子式为c21h24o10,二级质谱显示出己糖碳苷特征性的[m-h-90]—、[m-h-120]—碎片离子峰(图2)。经过一维核磁(1hnmr、13cnmr)、二维核磁hmbc波谱鉴定该碳苷糖基化产物为nothofagin(图3)。同时,上述20条碳苷糖基转移酶可以将底物2-羟基柚皮素(2-hydroxynaringenin)转化为其糖基化产物(图1b)。该产物经负离子模式高分辨质谱检测确认分子式为c21h22o11,二级质谱显示出己糖碳苷特征性的[m-h-120]—碎片离子峰(图4),提示该产物为2-羟基柚皮素-c-葡萄糖苷(2-hydroxynaringenin-c-glucoside)。本发明人对于新发现的碳苷糖基转移酶进行酶动力学参数的测定,发现phcgt1和pgcgt1对于2-羟基柚皮素的km值为所有碳苷糖基转移酶中最低,分别达到了1.75±0.66和2.75±0.75μm(图5)。km值为酶促反应的速度为最大反应速度一半时的底物浓度,km值越低说明所述碳苷糖基转移酶的酶催化活性高。此外,本发明人还发现sbcgt1、tacgt1-a、tacgt1-d、sicgt1、oscgt和zmcgt不仅可以催化根皮素在3’位置糖基化,更可以对3’位已被糖基化的根皮素进行进一步5’位的碳苷糖基化,从而产生一个二氢查尔酮双碳苷(根皮素-3’,5’-c-葡萄糖碳苷,图1a)。该产物经负离子模式高分辨质谱检测确认分子式为c27h34o15,二级质谱显示出双己糖碳苷特征性的[m-h-180]—、[m-h-210]—、[m-h-240]—碎片离子峰(图6)。实施例2、以本发明的糖基转移酶合成牡荆素、异牡荆素、荭草苷和异荭草苷本实施例中,应用phcgt1在大肠杆菌合成牡荆素(vitexin)、异牡荆素(isovitexin)、荭草苷(orientin)和异荭草苷(isoorientin)黄酮-c-单葡糖苷的预测的生物合成途径如图11。箭头tal(或pal)、4cl、chs、chi代表负责柚皮素生物合成的主要酶。箭头f2h、f3’h是黄烷酮2-羟化酶(f2h)和黄烷酮3’-羟化酶(f3’h),其构成羟基化黄烷酮的骨架。c-糖基转移酶(cgt)用箭头cgt表示。在形成c-糖基化中间体后,脱水反应在酸性溶剂中自发发生(箭头h+)或由脱水酶(箭头dh)催化。1、质粒构建(1)黄烷酮柚皮素(naringenin)合成前体基因的表达盒构建将人工合成并经密码子优化的前体合成基因序列构建到pet28a载体上获得pet28-rtpal,pet28-pc4cl,pet28-pxhchs和pet28a-mschi。其中,pxhchs:genbank登录号kf765781;mschi:genbank登录号kf765782;pc4cl:genbank登录号kf765780;rtpal:genbank登录号aaa33883。以pet28-pc4cl为模板,4cl-f-ncoi/4cl-r-bamhi为引物对扩增pc4cl片段,与ncoi/bamhi双酶切的pcdfduet-1载体连接获得pyh40。以pet28-pxhchs为模板,chs-f-ndei/chs-r-xhoi为引物对扩增pxhchs片段,与ndei/xhoi双酶切的pyh40连接获得pyh50。以pet28-mschi为模板,t7chi-f-xhoi/chi-r-avrii为引物对扩增mcchi片段,与xhoi/avrii双酶切的pyh50连接,获得质粒pyh51。以pet28-rtpal为模板,t7pal-f-bamhi/pal-r-hindiii为引物对扩增rtpal片段,与bamhi/hindiii双酶切的pyh51连接,获得质粒pyh55(pyh055)用于柚皮素(naringenin)合成的从头合成(图7a)。pcr引物如表2所示。表2、柚皮素合成前体基因的表达盒构建所使用的引物引物序列(seqidno:)4cl-f-ncoitataccatgggtgactgcgttgccccg(47)4cl-r-bamhicgggatccttacttcggcaggtcgccgctc(48)t7pal-f-bamhicgggatcccttatgcgactcctgcattag(49)pal-r-hindiiigcccaagcttttatgccagcatcttc(50)chs-f-ndeiagatatacatatggttacggtggaagaatac(51)chs-r-xhoiccgctcgagttaggtagccacactatgcag(52)t7chi-f-xhoiccgctcgagctagaaataattttgtttaac(53)rbschi-f-xhoiccgctcgagcgatcccgcgaaattaatacg(54)chi-r-avriigagcctaggttagttaccgattttaaag(55)(2)黄烷酮-2-羟基化酶/cpr表达盒构建以人工合成的黄烷酮-2-羟基化酶编码基因oscyp93g2(密码子优化)、zmcyp93g5(密码子优化)或sbcyp93g3(密码子优化)的克隆载体为模板,通过pcr扩增所述三个p450基因。对上述三个基因进行相应于其蛋白的n端改造,截去n端跨膜区域并加载标签2b1(序列为makktsskgklppgps)。oscyp93g2:genbank登录号xp_015642954.1,截去n端第1~26位残基,加载2b1,其编码基因以常规方法进行大肠杆菌偏好的密码子优化;zmcyp93g5:genbank登录号xp_008660140.1,截去n端第1~29位残基,加载2b1,其编码基因以常规方法进行大肠杆菌偏好的密码子优化;sbcyp93g3:genbank登录号xp_002461286.1,截去n端第1~37位残基,加载2b1,其编码基因以常规方法进行大肠杆菌偏好的密码子优化;以拟南芥cdna为模板,通过pcr扩增atcpr2基因(genbank登录号abb88839.2,用于与p450组合,提供还原力)。将改造后的p450基因使用引物对cz201-f/r、cz203-f/r、cz229-f/r分别扩增,通过无缝克隆法插入pduet-1载体多克隆位点1的ncoi和bamhi之间,atcpr2使用引物对cpr-f/noti-trcpr-r扩增后插入pduet-1载体多克隆位点2的ndei和xhoi位点之间,分别构成质粒pcz201、pcz203和pcz229(图7b)。pcr引物如表3所示。表3、构建pcz201、pcz203和pcz229所使用的引物(3)黄烷酮-2-羟基化酶/黄烷酮-3’羟基化酶/cpr表达盒构建以人工合成的黄烷酮-3’-羟基化酶atcyp75b1(密码子优化)、oscyp75b3(密码子优化)的克隆载体为模板,通过pcr扩增所述p450基因。对所述基因进行n端改造,截去n端跨膜区域并加载标签2b1(序列为makktsskgklppgps)。atcyp75b1:genbank登录号np_196416.1,截去’n端第1~21位残基,加载2b1,常规方法进行大肠杆菌偏好的密码子优化;oscyp75b3:genbank登录号xp_015613041.1,截去’n端第1~26位,加载2b1,常规方法进行大肠杆菌偏好的密码子优化;以拟南芥cdna为模板,通过pcr扩增atcpr2基因(genbank登录号abb88839.2,用于与p450组合,提供还原力)。将改造后的p450基因使用引物对cz261-f/r和cz265-f/r分别扩增,与黄烷酮-2-羟基化酶中较优的zmcyp93g5编码基因通过融合pcr分别连接。将连接后的双元p450组合通过无缝克隆法插入pduet-1载体多克隆位点1的ncoi和bamhi之间,atcpr2使用引物对cpr-f/noti-trcpr-r(表3)扩增后插入pduet-1载体多克隆位点2的ndei和xhoi位点之间,构成质粒pcz261和pcz265(图8)。pcr引物如表4所示。表4、构建pcz261和pcz265所使用的引物(4)phcgt1表达质粒构建以毛竹基因组dna为模板,通过pcr(引物见表1)扩增phcgt1。将扩增后片段纯化,并使用无缝克隆的方式连入相同ndei/noti消化过的pet28a载体,构成质粒pcz86。2、用于牡荆素/异牡荆素合成的工程菌构建及发酵将携带柚皮素合成基因的质粒pyh55,新型糖基转移酶phcgt1的质粒pcz86分别与携带黄烷酮-2-羟基化酶/cpr表达盒的质粒pcz201、pcz203和pcz229进行三质粒共转,转化至大肠杆菌bl21(de3)中,获得从头发酵合成工程菌株scz2、scz4和scz29。挑取上述工程菌株单克隆,接种于10mlmops培养基中(spe=50μg/ml,amp=100μg/ml,kan=50μg/ml),37℃培养od600=0.5,降温至22℃,添加iptg(终浓度100μm),22℃,200rpm条件下进行发酵,持续5日。培养结束后收取样品,将菌液离心,获得上清液和菌体。菌体用水混悬,经破碎后用乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取;上清液用乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,合并萃取液。将萃取液蒸发后用甲醇复溶,进行lc-ms分析。发酵结果显示(图9),经5日发酵后,发酵液中能够检测出牡荆素和异牡荆素,比例约为4:6,同时发酵液中能够检测出中间体2-羟基柚皮素-c-葡萄糖苷(即:2-羟基柚皮素-6(8)-c-葡萄糖苷)。因此,本发明的碳苷糖基转移酶(如phcgt1)能够特异和高效地催化2-羟基黄烷酮(开环形式)类化合物(如2-羟基柚皮素)的碳苷葡萄糖基化,从而产生一类碳苷-2-羟基黄烷酮类化合物(如2-羟基柚皮素-c-葡萄糖苷);这类化合物通过进一步的脱水反应形成黄酮碳苷(类)化合物(如牡荆素和异牡荆素)。3、用于荭草苷/异荭草苷合成的工程菌构建及发酵将携带柚皮素合成基因的质粒pyh55,新型糖基转移酶phcgt1的质粒pcz86分别与携带黄烷酮-2-羟基化酶/黄烷酮-3’-羟基化酶/cpr表达盒的质粒pcz261和pcz265进行三质粒共转,转化至大肠杆菌bl21(de3)中,获得从头发酵合成工程菌株scz63和scz67。挑取上述工程菌株单克隆,接种于10mlmops培养基中(spe=50μg/ml,amp=100μg/ml,kan=50μg/ml),37℃培养od600=0.5,降温至22℃,添加iptg(终浓度100μm),22℃,200rpm条件下进行发酵,持续5日。培养结束后收取样品,将菌液离心,获得上清液和菌体。菌体用水混悬,经破碎后用乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取;上清液用乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,合并萃取液。将萃取液蒸发后用甲醇复溶,进行lc-ms分析。发酵结果显示(图10),经5日发酵后,发酵液中能够检测出荭草苷和异荭草苷的混合物,比例约为4:6。同时发酵液中能够检测到一定比例的(占比约20~25%)未经3’羟基化修饰的牡荆素和异牡荆素。在菌株scz63中检测到中间体2-羟基柚皮素-c-葡萄糖苷和2-羟基圣草酚-c-葡萄糖苷的积累。因此,本发明的碳苷糖基转移酶(如phcgt1)能够特异和高效地催化二氢查尔酮、2-羟基黄烷酮(开环形式)类化合物(如2-羟基圣草酚)的碳苷葡萄糖基化,从而产生一类碳苷二氢查尔酮类化合物(如2-羟基圣草酚-c-葡萄糖苷);这类化合物通过进一步的脱水反应形成黄酮碳苷(类)化合物(如荭草苷和异荭草苷)。实施例3、以本发明的糖基转移酶合成维采宁-2本实施例中,以tacgt1-d在大肠杆菌合成维采宁-2(vicenin-2)。维采宁-2(芹菜素-6,8-双葡萄糖苷)的预测的生物合成途径如图12。tal(或pal)、4cl、chs、chi代表负责柚皮素生物合成的主要酶。箭头f2h是黄烷酮2-羟化酶(f2h),其构成2-羟基黄烷酮的骨架。c-糖基转移酶(cgt)用箭头cgt表示。在形成c-糖基化中间体后,脱水反应在酸性溶剂中自发发生(箭头h+)。1、质粒构建(1)黄烷酮柚皮素(naringenin)合成前体基因的表达盒构建同实施例2。(2)黄烷酮-2-羟基化酶/cpr表达盒构建同实施例2。(3)tacgt1-d表达质粒构建:以小麦基因组dna为模板,通过pcr(引物见表1)扩增tacgt1-d。将扩增后片段纯化,并使用无缝克隆的方式连入相同ndei/noti消化过的pet28a载体,构成质粒pcz173。2、用于维采宁-2合成的工程菌构建及发酵将携带柚皮素合成基因的质粒pyh55,新型糖基转移酶tacgt1-d的质粒pcz173分别与携带黄烷酮-2-羟基化酶/cpr表达盒的质粒pcz201进行三质粒共转,转化至大肠杆菌bl21(de3)中,获得从头发酵合成工程菌株scz117。挑取上述工程菌株单克隆,接种于10mlmops培养基中(spe=50μg/ml,amp=100μg/ml,kan=50μg/ml),37℃培养od600=0.5,降温至22℃,添加iptg(终浓度100μm),22℃,250rpm条件下进行发酵,持续5日。培养结束后收取样品,将菌液离心,获得上清液和菌体。菌体用水混悬,经破碎后用乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取;上清液用乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,合并萃取液。将萃取液蒸发后用甲醇复溶,进行lc-ms分析。发酵结果显示,经5日发酵后,发酵液中能够检测出维采宁2(图13),同时发酵液中能够检测出中间体牡荆素与异牡荆素。因此,本发明的碳苷糖基转移酶(如tacgt1-d)能够特异和高效地催化2-羟基黄烷酮(开环形式)类化合物(如2-羟基柚皮素)的双葡萄糖碳苷糖基化,从而产生一类双葡萄糖碳苷-2-羟基黄烷酮类化合物(如2-羟基柚皮素-c-双葡萄糖苷);这类化合物通过进一步的脱水反应形成双葡萄糖碳苷黄酮(类)化合物(维采宁-2)。在本发明提及的所有文献都在本申请中引用作为参考,就如同每一篇文献被单独引用作为参考那样。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明的上述讲授内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。序列表<110>中国科学院上海生命科学研究院<120>新型碳苷糖基转移酶及其应用<130>196900<160>67<170>siposequencelisting1.0<210>1<211>472<212>prt<213>毛竹(phyllostachysedulis)<400>1metprothrserglyglyargthrglyaspargprohisvalileleu151015leuproseralaglymetglyhisleuvalpropheserargleuala202530valalaleuserserglyhisglycysaspvalservalvalalaval354045leuprothrvalseralaalagluserarghisleuglnglyleuleu505560aspalaserproalavalargargleuaspleuhisleualaprophe65707580aspgluserglupheproglyalaaspprophepheleuargpheglu859095alametargargseralaproleuleuglyproleuleualaaspthr100105110glyalaseralaleuvalthraspilealaleualaservalvalile115120125provalalalysgluilehisleuprocystyrvalleuphethrala130135140seralaalametleuserphecysalatyrpheprothrtyrleuasp145150155160thrasnalaglyargvalvalglyaspvalaspileproglyvaltyr165170175argileprolys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